1. for 1 molecule of glucose (6 C-atoms), the stage of pyruvate processing generates

2. how many reduced electron carriers after glycolysis, pyruvate processing and citric acid cycle are available to make the ET work

1. we discussed the variation among several species of (based on the geological dates we have covered) recent human species that do NOT include neanderthals. I would like for you to identify two, and write three to four bullet points to identify characteristics of each.

2. Next, tell me a bit about Neanderthals, and why they are more intelligent and social than stereotypes that exist in popular culture (think Geico commercials, cavemen, etc).

QUESTION 18

Briefly describe why E. coli wants to express different amounts of the lac operon genes in relation to the presence/absence of glucose and lactose and the molecular mechanism by which it does so for each of the four conditions with respect to glucose and lactose.

Homo erectus -- One Species or Multiple Species?: Some hypothesize that Homo erectus should be subdivided into multiple species, others support a single species hypothesis with a broad geographic distribution and population variation. There is support for both hypotheses!!! Which hypothesis do you support? and why? What evidence would cause you to shift your support to the other hypothesis? and why? For your answers, paleontological details (geography, diagnostic traits, geologic dates) count!

Birds migrate from areas of low or decreasing resources to those with high or increasing resources of food and nesting locations. Long distance migratory birds would travel in the most energy-efficient way and would migrate only if they can further optimize their energy budget. The ability to maintain a high and constant body temperature enables birds to exploit a remarkable range of habitats. Discuss how behavioral and physical adaptation could help the migratory birds manage their body thermoregulation with minimal energy consumption. [Total : 20 marks]

What is a goal of human therapeutic cloning?

to transfer cells from an unrelated individual into a patient needing a transplant

to create pluripotent cells for medical research only

to make a new individual, who is genetically identical to a patient needing a transplant

to create pluripotent stem cells using a patient’s nucleus

to extract ES cells from an embryo

Please summarize the function of RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) in RNA processing for proper mRNA function

Homo erectus -- One Species or Multiple Species?:

Some hypothesize that Homo erectus should be subdivided into multiple species, others support a single species hypothesis with a broad geographic distribution and population variation. There is support for both hypotheses!!!

Which hypothesis do you support? and why?

What evidence would cause you to shift your support to the other hypothesis? and why?

For your answers, paleontological details (geography, diagnostic traits, geologic dates) count!

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are diseases related to the impaired ability to oxidize fatty acids via beta oxidation. Symptoms of these acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies include hypoketosis [low blood levels of ketone bodies], hypoglycemia [low blood glucose], and hyperammonemia [increased blood levels of ammonia] during long periods of fasting.

a.) Please explain why patients with acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiencies have bouts of hypogycemia  [1- 2 sentences is sufficient].

b.) Please explain why patients with acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiencies have bouts of hyperammonemia [1- 2 sentences is sufficient].

(BioChem) (Please type answer, thanks!)