Calculate the Nernst potential for each ion, the membrane potential, and driving force for each of

the following examples:

Intracellular ions: [Na+]= 12 mM, [K+]=145 mM, [Cl-]=15 mM, [Ca2+]=250 nM

Extracellular ion: [Na+]= 150 mM, [K+]=2.9 mM, [Cl-]=150 mM, [Ca2+]=7 mM

1. Fill in the blanks in the table below:

2. Highlight the correct answer for each pair: Which is bigger, a monomer or a polymer? an amino acid or a protein? a monosaccharide or a polysaccharide? a nucleotide or DNA?
3. Fill in the blanks: Condensation reactions ______________ (make or break?) polymers by __________ (adding or removing?) water.
4. Name an example of a polysaccharide. What is the name of the monomer that comprises this polysaccharide?
5. What is the function of the polysaccharide you named in #4? Where is it found (animals or plants)?

List the factors that influence a child’s development of a secure attachment. Pick two of them and explain how they impact development of secure attachment.

1. Which of the following statements is attributable to Georges Cuvier?

Select one:

a. If an organ is used it strengthens and grows; if it isn’t used it weakens and shrinks

b. Slow subtle processes, acting over long periods of time, can have a dramatic effect

c. Fossils in older sedimentary rock strata bear less resemblance to modern organisms than those from recent strata

d. Geological processes operating today are the same as those that have operated in the past

2. In science, a theory is an idea that

Select one:

a. is a speculation supported by a rational argument.

b. has been extensively tested and supported by experiments and observations.

c. is also known as a hypothesis.

d. is consistent with general observations but hasn't been directly tested.

What is the chief source of the difference in the conversion of energy into useful work of the cell (efficiency) between a cell’s oxidation of glucose (~40%), compared to oxidation of glucose by combustion in air (0%)?

Briefly explain what, if any, aspects of Mayr's 5 theories of evolution are challenged by each of the following concepts: (a) Newman and Müller’s epigenetic mechanisms of character origination in which genetic evolution has more of a consolidating that innovating role, (b) genetic assimilation of an environmentally induced phenotype, (c) character variability as contrasted with character variation, (d) heterotopy, (e) heterochrony by neoteny, (f) homology thinking.

What is the Evolutionary Algorithm? (state it in one simple sentence). What are the three required components of any evolutionary system?

OK. So, this week we’re investigating the prokaryotic gene PPtrl, which codes for the Rbbl protein. You painstakingly derived a segment of the transcribed sequence of this gene, which is listed below.

a) What would be the mRNA sequence that corresponds with this segment?

b) OK. So, knowing what you do about this particular PPtrl gene, describe how the process of transcription initiation would go for this gene.

What is the benefit of a binomial naming system? How does our understanding of the relationships among organisms in the natural world benefit from using the Linnaean system? Why do all mammals share similar skeletal structures? ( I will give 5 stars) and don't plagiarize

Explain why the enzyme carbonyl phosphate synthetase can be considered the most important enzyme in the to the urea cycle?

What is the difference between a shrimp and crab zoea?

Discuss several reasons why growing a microorganism in a pure culture is valuable and what you would not be able to learn from studying a microorganism in pure culture.

In Drosophila, the dwarp mutation leads to flies with small bodies and warped wings, the rumpled mutation causes bristles to be deranged, the pallid mutation makes wings pale, while raven leads to dark eyes and bodies. Females heterozygous for all 4 genes are crossed to males from a true-breeding dwarp rumpled pallid raven stock. The 1000 progeny obtained were as follows:

            pallid                                       3

            pallid, raven                            428

            pallid, raven, rumpled             48

            pallid, rumpled                        23

            dwarp, raven                           22

            dwarp, raven, rumpled            2

            dwarp, rumpled                       427

            dwarp                                      47

Indicate the best map for these four genes and calculate interference values where appropriate.