What does it mean to say all organisms are identical in the assumptions for the exponential growth model? Does that mean both males and females can reproduce?

1. Describe the path followed by water from the soil, through the plant and into the atmosphere. Where in the path are the important resistances to water movement?

2. What is meant by the term "active transport"? What is the difference between "primary" and "secondary" active transport?

3. Both membrane channels and carriers show changes in protein conformation. What is the role of such conformation changes (a) in channels, and (b) in carriers?

5. (3 pts) What is the minimum number of base substitutions that must be made to change the codons from:

1. glutamic acid to lysine?

2. leucine to alanine?

3. phenylalanine to glycine?

Explain the condition and consequences of directional selection and balancing selection.

*This is a Population Genetics topic.

a. How does regulated secretion differ from constitutive secretion?

b. What would be the effect of mutating the KDEL sequence of a resident ER protein (like BiP)? Would this effect be similar or different from that of mutating the KDEL receptor protein?

c.The pH of a compartment can be critical for association of a receptor and its cargo. How does the acidic pH of a late endosome result in different fates for the receptor and its cargo?

d. Why are carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins always exposed on the surface of the cell?

e.Compare and contrast the sorting of proteins to lysosomes to the packaging of proteins into regulated secretory granules such as those containing insulin.

f. How is a lysosomal protein targeted to a lysosome? What effect would be the addition of a lysosomal signal sequence have of subcellular localization of a protein that is normally cytosolic?  How would it affect localization of a protein that is normally secreted?

QUESTION 18

Briefly describe why E. coli wants to express different amounts of the lac operon genes in relation to the presence/absence of glucose and lactose and the molecular mechanism by which it does so for each of the four conditions with respect to glucose and lactose.

QUESTION 19

A rare deletion on the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q11-13) produces one of two types of genetic disorders in humans.  These are Prader-Willi syndrome (obesity, hypotonia, hypogonadism) and Angelman syndrome (epilepsy, tremors, perpetual smiling).  Three imprinted genes are present in the deleted region.  These are snrpn and ndn (lack of which is associated with Prader-Willi) and ube3A (lack of which is associated with Angelman).  snrpn and ndn are paternally imprinted for expression and ube3A is maternally imprinted.   Charlie and Pat are siblings both with Angelman syndrome and Charlie has one (of two) child with Prader-Willi Syndrome while Pat has a child with Angelman syndrome.  What are the sexes of Charlie and Pat?  Explain your answer.  Can Charlie and Pat have two normal parents or does one of them have Prader-Willi or Angelman syndrome.  Explain your answer and if one of them has a disorder tell me which parent had which disorder.

Please Use your keyboard (Don't use handwriting) Thank you..

Courses Name: Health Policy & Saudi Healthcare System

***Please complete my answer to be 500 words ..

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

Many countries now struggle to provide cost-effective, quality healthcare services to their citizens. Saudi Arabia has experienced high costs along with concerns about quality of care in its public facilities. To address these issues the country is currently restructuring their healthcare system to privatize public hospitals and introduce insurance coverage for both foreign workers and citizens.

Based on the statement given explain the following points:

1. The history of the Healthcare system in Saudi Arabia.
2. Define the components of the Saudi health care system.
3. The challenges that are facing the Saudi healthcare system with emphasize on the quality and the cost of the healthcare service and how is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is facing those challenges.

***Please complete my answer to be 500 words ..

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste)

My answer

1. It’s true that many countries struggle to provide cost effective care in public hospitals.

2. If we go back and see the history of Saudi Arabia health care system

In 2002 the Saudi health care system is started by a royal decree to ensure the provision of health care to all Saudi Arabia citizens

later in 2004 in Saudi Arabia there are 1848 primary healthcare centres and 200 hospitals.

2. Components of Saudi health care system

There is a three level health care system in Saudi Arabia

a.primary

b.secondary

c.Tertiary

These tiers correspond to health care Centers and hospitals. Three health sectors are considered in this review - MOH, government sector and private Sector.

3. Challenges of Saufia Arabia kingdom currently facing are

a. Increase in the population

b. Increased cost of treatment and medical expenses

c.concerns about quality and safety of care

d. Increased chronic diseases

e. Less electronic ehealth system

The phylum Echinodermata has several synapomorphies, but each subgroup modifies these synapomorphies and thus it is difficult to relate these groups.

a) List three synapomorphies for the phylum Echinodermata.

b) For each of the synapomorphies you list, how do you expect those features to differ between the asteroids and holothuroids?

c) For the phylum Echinodermata, which class do you think is most similar? Why?

d) What phyla were the Echinodermata historically confused with, and why? Which do they most relate to and how is this known?

Discuss the impact to hemoglobin structure/function from exercise, high altitude, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, 2, 3 BPG, etc.

12. What are the different classes of immunoglobulin? 13. What specific roles does each class of immunoglobulin play in host immunity?

Cinnabar eyes (cn) and reduced bristles (rd) are autosomal recessive characters in Drosophila. A homozygous wild-type female was crossed to a reduced, cinnabar male, and the F1 males were then crossed to the F1 females to obtain the F2. Of the 400 F2 offspring obtained, 292 were wild type, 9 were cinnabar, 7 were reduced, and 92 were reduced and cinnabar.

Briefly explain (2 sentences) these results and estimate the distance between the cn and rd loci.

Describe the process by which the information in a gene is transcribed and translated into a protein. Correctly use these words in your description (and highlight them as bold text in your submission):

• tRNA
• amino acid
• start codon
• transcription
• mRNA
• gene
• codon
• RNA polymerase
• ribosome
• translation
• anti-codon
• peptide bond
• stop codon

2. A protein spans the nuclear membrane, with a small extranuclear domain, a substantial segment crossing the nuclear membrane, and a domain within the nucleus. It is

(a) a peripheral membrane protein

(b) an integral membrane protein

(c) a lipid-anchored protein

(d) impossible

The observation is made that a row of tomato plants has failed to produce any fruit. Another hypothesis about the failure to produce fruit is:

The lack of rain during the preceding month has halted fruit development.   

Devise a testable prediction from this hypothesis.