We classify foods into three groups based on their chemical compositions: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats. The digestive and absorptive process differs among these groups due to their chemical structures.
For each of these macromolecules:
1) Come up with an example of each -- what's your representative food item of carbohydrate, protein, and fat.
2) Identify their chemical structures for monomer unit, and the macromolecule polymer.
3) Determine the digestive reaction that splits the macromolecule into monomers: starch into glucose units; proteins into amino acids; and TAGs into free fatty-acids.
4) identify the digestive enzyme that catalyzes each of these reactions.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Explore the relationship between the human body systems, (musculoskeletal, GI, metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory) and the flight environment.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
QUESTION 1
A multilingual individual with extensive atrophy is still able to perform within normal limits on most measures of cognitive ability. This is an example of
Brain reserve |
||
Cognitive reserve |
||
Inhibition Deficit |
||
Transmission Deficit |
2 points
QUESTION 2
80-year-old female presents with a brain 19% smaller than when she was 40 and a reduction in dendritic/synaptic spines. Is this an example of Healthy Aging?
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 3
Many of the linguistic changes associated with healthy aging can be attributed to a reduction in:
Episodic memory |
||
Semantic memory |
||
Working memory |
||
Procedural Memory |
2 points
QUESTION 4
120-year-old female presents with declining scores on sustained attention and recalling new information. Yet she walks 10 miles a day and is a lifelong vegetarian. Is this an example of healthy aging?
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 5
65-year-old female presents with a decline in coherence scores, as well as a reduction in syntactic complexity. Semantic memory did not demonstrate any decline. fMRI demonstrated a shift from utilizing episodic memory to using more semantic memory. On measures of working memory with distractors, the individual was able to remember 3 items. Is this an example of healthy aging?
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 6
90-year-old man presents with attention, memory, working memory, and executive function scores within normal limits. He also scores within normal limits on measures of receptive and expressive language. However, his discourse samples do show a small reduction in the number of vocabulary items produced. Is this an example of healthy aging?
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 7
A 40-year-old man presents with a decline in divided/alternating attention and executive function. An MRI reveals his brain as shrunk by 5% within the last decade. Is this an example of healthy aging?
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 8
A theory of aging where the main physiological mechanism focuses on the deterioration of the myelin sheath that covers neuronal axons?
Slowed Processing |
||
Transmission Deficit |
||
Inhibition Deficit |
||
Region-Specific Hypothesis |
2 points
QUESTION 9
Chronological age is tied to biological age?
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 10
A 60-year-old female presents with a decline in divided/alternating attention and executive function, especially inhibition. The individual also presents with no decline in language production, but there is a moderate decline in comprehension. Is this an example of healthy aging?
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 11
A 65-year-old female presents with cognitive scores within normal limits for attention, memory, working memory, and executive function. She hasn't noticed a change in her language production or comprehension. She claims to read everyday. An MRI revealed several tiny infarcts across the cortex. Is this an example of healthy aging?
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 12
75-year-old female presents with declining scores in the recall of novel word lists but scores within normal limits on measures of semantic memory. Measures of attention and executive function show no decline. However, her working memory capacity is reduced to 1 item with distractors and 4 items without distractors. She is able to perform her activities of daily living independently.
Yes
No
2 points
QUESTION 13
Theory of aging that focuses on the atrophy of brain regions, especially the frontal cortex.
Slowed Processing |
||
Transmission Deficit |
||
Inhibition Deficit |
||
Region-Specific Hypothesis |
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Mirror Neurons and Behavior
Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.
Answer the following questions:
Mirror Neurons and Behavior
Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.
Answer the following questions:
Mirror Neurons and Behavior
Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.
Answer the following questions:
Mirror Neurons and Behavior
Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.
Answer the following questions:
Mirror Neurons and Behavior
Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.
Answer the following questions:
Mirror Neurons and Behavior
Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.
Answer the following questions:
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Default Processes of neuroplasticity: Functional (synaptic) and structural plasticity:
What is long term potentiation, and what is its function?
What is long term depression, and what is its function?
Explain the relationship between synaptic and
structural neuroplasticity?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Please summarize (1-2 pages ) either on-
Part F. Chapter 1. Physical Activity Behaviors: Steps, Bouts, and
High Intensity Training
OR
Part F. Chapter 2. Sedentary Behavior
Using the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Plz write in your own text and don't copy answers that was answered before since my teacher has (Plagiarism checker) thank you
1. Why are goblet cells necessary for GI tract function? Was there a difference in the amount of goblet cells in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and large intestine? Explain why this difference occurs or does not occur.
2. What are Peyer’s patches?
3. Which type of cell is present in most of the pancreatic tissue, endocrine or exocrine? How do you know based on the slide that you viewed?
4. List the four main layers of the GI wall. What is the composition of each layer?
5. What are the main functions of the duodenum? How is this reflected in the structure of the duodenal wall?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In this laboratory experiment, you wanted to see the effect of Amylase with starch. So you performed the following:
In tube 1 - Combine equal volume of Amylase with Starch solution
In tube 2 - Combine Amylase with water
In tube 3 - Combine water with Starch solution
Let all three tubes sit in a 37C waterbath for 20 minutes. After the 20 minutes incubation was over, then you would test for the presence of starch. In the meantime, what would you predict? Based on what you know about enzymatic digestion, what do you expect here in these tubes? After the incubation period we added Iodine solutions to each tube to test for starch. Here are the results:
In tube 1 - white cloudy solution
In tube 2 - Yellowish solution
In tube 3 - Dark red solution
Explain this result, what happened in each tube? Why is adding iodine important to detect the presence of starch?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Discuss the causes and the pathophysiology of Melanoma.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Write a short essay on the interaction of the special senses with the autonomic nervous system
In: Anatomy and Physiology
describe in detail the anatomy of capillaries
In: Anatomy and Physiology
Give an example of a exercise test you would specifically use on an older population patient and why?
Give an example of a exercise test you would specifically use on an younger population patient and why?
In: Anatomy and Physiology
2. In order for an effector to respond to a command via either of the endocrine or nervous system, it must be able to respond to a chemical (hormone or neurotransmitter). Explain how the effector is able to respond to these chemical signals (i.e. what must it have either in its membrane or inside its cells). Describe how this process of intercellular communication exemplifies the relationship between structure and function.
In: Anatomy and Physiology
1. The surface of the heart has three layers of membranes to anchor the heart in its place and for lubrication purposes. What is the name of the 2 layers that secret serous fluid for lubrication purpose?
2. Using the skeleton as the reference points, where is the cardiac apex (Left or right of the sternum? Which intercostal space?)
In: Anatomy and Physiology