1. Describe and ELISA test. How is it like a Western blot? What are the advantages over a Western blot? Disadvantages?

What are the goals of the Biology Gen III microplate and how can you determine an outcome from the basis that can be observed. How are bacteria added and how is growth measured in the Biology Gen III? Likewise, how can the selected nutrients and the growth patterns in the Gen III microplate be used to identify common clinical and industrial strains of bacteria quickly?

Describe the detoxification mechanisms used by Leishmania to
counteract the toxic effects of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs)
and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs) produced by the host. How
was the relative contribution of ROIs and RNIs in the control of
leishmaniasis determined in a mouse model of infection?

If you were the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), what measures would you implement to reduce the US vulnerability to pandemics in the future? Explain your answer; use evidence to support your answer.

Explain “phase variation” and “gene conversion” with examples.

Thanks!

Compare and contrast interval training for LIEE & HIEE.

compare and contrast the 4 major tissue types

Provide a brief description/explanation about any of the 3 questions:

a) Definitions of an "animal"

b) Differences between true animals and the other kingdoms especially plants

c) Cell functions that allowed animal multicellularity

d) At least 3 hypotheses that led to the Cambrian explosion

e) Advantages of a body cavity

f) Choanoflagellates and animals

. . Discuss and describe the Hominoids – general characteristics and then a specific characteristic of each taxon. Who are the hominoids? How are close or distantly related are we to each taxon in the hominoids. What are the scientific names, in general what is their diet, and where are they found? What is their social structure? What is their pattern of locomotion? What about life history variables in hominoids?

Provide a brief description/explanation about any of the 3 questions:

g) Metazoa vs. Eumetazoa

h) Problems with coral reefs today

i) Largest phylum in the clade Lophotroco

j) The largest phylum within the clade Ecdysozoa; the largest class within that.

k) The largest phylum within the clade Ecdysozoa; the largest class within that.

l) Open vs. closed circulatory systems; note several examples for each.

m) 2 major phyla within the clade Deuterostoma

An agricultural breeder seeks to build a bigger green bean. Truncation selection is applied to a population and the intensity of selection on bean size is measured as (i = 0.15). In the next generation the response to selection is measured as 0.08. What is the realized heritability of the trait “bean size” in the population?

A) 0.15 B) 0.08 C) 0.082 D) 0.012 E) none of the above

PLEASE show your work/how you got the answer!

Thank you!

1. In the complex reactions that make up cellular respiration, energy is transferred by

A. phosphorylation reactions

B. redox reactions  

C. neither 1 or 2

D. both 1 and 2

2. Respiration of carbohydrate substrates provides more energy than proteins substrates because

A. proteins have no C-H bonds

B. proteins cannot be processed by glycolysis

C. proteins compete with NADH reduction reactions

D. proteins release NH3

3. Which of the 4 stages of respiration is anaerobic, and can continue without oxygen?

A. citric acid cycle

B. glycolysis

C. electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

D. pyruvate processing

4. ATP is a regulatory molecule for the allosteric enzyme phospho-fructose kinase. This regulatory mechanism of the activity of glycolysis is called:

A. interference inhibition

B. competitive inhibition

C. feedback inhibition

D. active site inhibition

5. The NET output of glycolysis of 1 glucose molecule is

A. 4 ATP, 2 NADH

B. 2ATP, 2 FADH2

C. 2 ATP, 2 NADH

D. 2 ATP, 2 FADH2

6. Which of the four stages of respiration does NOT take place in mitochondria

A. pyruvate processing

B. glycolysis

C. Citric acid cycle

D. electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

7. The citric acid cycle is a set of sequential reactions where 2 carbon atoms from Acetyl CoA (that derives from a glucose molecule) are coupled to a 4 carbon molecule. The carbon atoms from Acetyl CoA are released as CO2. Redox reactions and phosphorylation reactions are used to harvest energy in the form of ATP, NADH and FADH2. The product of these reactions is again a 4 carbon molecule that can be coupled with 2 carbon atoms from another Acetyl CoA to repeat the whole process

A. true, this is a correct description of the citric acid cycle

B. false, the citric acid cycle starts with pyruvate as substrate

C. false, the citric acid cycle employs only redox reactions

D. false, the citric acid cycle does not yield NADH

8. The net total output of energy rich molecules from respiration of a molecule of glucose after the citric acid cycle is

A. 2 ATP, 50 NADH, 4 FADH2

B. 2 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2

C. 4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2

D. 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 10 FADH2

9. In the absence of oxygen, cellular respiration switches to fermentation. Fermentation is a set of alternative reactions to complete glycolysis and produce 2 ATP for a glucose molecule, by making sure that the following reagent is available

A. NAD (oxidized electron carrier)

B. EtOH (alcohol)

C. NADH (reduced electron carrier)

D. Acetyl CoA (substrate for citric acid cycle)

Choose a sport and using specific examples, explain how 3 types of strength are beneficial to that sport.