7. You have identified a new species of nematode that you are interested in studying and understanding its early development. In particular, you want to know if the same factors responsible for establishing early differences between cells are the same between this nematode and C. elegans. You decide to take the approach of a genetic screen. Note: you find that these worms ARE NOT hermaphrodites and instead, males and females mate to produce offspring. Assume all genes you are studying exhibit normal Mendelian ratios of inheritance.

1. [2pts] Given what is known about early development in C. elegans (and most other organisms we discussed in class) what type of screen would you need to do

(Maternal Effect screen or Zygotic effect screen)

What are the physiological causes of two or three of the symptoms you chose, and how do they relate to the development and growth of the fetus?

Match the type of genetic cross to the expected Mendelian ratios that would result.

QUESTION 8 1. Are all bacteria competent for transformation?

a. Yes they are all competent b. No, some bacteria in nature can do it and in the lab scientists can force bacteria to be competent. o c. No and nothing can be done about it d. no only yeast are competent 10 points

QUESTION 9 1. Which enzyme "glues" DNA fragments together?

a. DNA Ligase b. DNA Recombinase c. all these enzymes d. DNA Reductase 10 points

QUESTION 10 1. Which of these is an example of xenotransplantaion

a. Using a pig retina to treat eye disease in a man b. Using stem cells to treat cancer c. cloning a pet d. Kidney donation from a father to a son

1- How the cancer is related to the cell cycle?

2- What are the general methodologies for cancer treatment?

3- Please describe the terms below: chromatin, chromosome, chromatid, centrosome.

4- What is the importance of meiosis and what are the main stages of the meiosis?

5- Please fill in blanks in the table

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

6- Please explain what the Human Genome Project is, and also explain the importance of the project.

7-What is gel electrophoresis? And explain how we can use this technology in forensic science.

8-Please explain how can a biochip, the one type in which used for a gene microarray, identify the precise form of cancer.

9-Please explain the Darwins’s Theory of Natural Selection in four steps.

10-

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a population’s allele and genotype frequencies are inherently stable, so please prove this theory by filling the table below (zygote genotype and its frequency) and generate the Hardy-Weinberg formula

1) When orchid fanciers reproduce orchids they call it meristeming. Do you suspect that they are producing orchids via sexual or asexual reproduction? How do you suspect they are producing more orchids?

2)Describe the process of rhizobial infection and nodule development in a legume root. When legumes are grown in soil that has excess nitrogen available it does not make root nodules. Why not?

Answer all the questions.

Short answer:

Is there a difference between Body cavities and body systems, Explain?

Name the 5 cavities, and the organs that are contained within each cavity?

What are the organ functions?

What are the 2 different surgeries to remove gallbladder? Explain why you would have one over the other (include citations).

planes of the body: identify what organs are on each plane.

1. Dolly the sheep was a sheep that was born to an unrelated mom. Her genome was inserted into an egg that had the DNA removed. This is an example of

a. RNA sequencing b. cloning c. Genetic engineering d. RNA interference 10 points

QUESTION 7 1. What is "gene expression"?

a. DNA that is known to contain genes that can be expressed b. the movement of genes from one cell to the other c. the production of mRNA and proteins that occurs when a gene is transcribed at certain times in the life of the cell d. the production of mRNA and proteins that occurs when a gene is transcribed at certain times in the life of the cell

homozygous recessive is crossed with a heterozygote, what percent chance is there of getting a heterozygous genotype in f1?

1. How much time should be allowed to elapse once a kosher meat product has been consumed, before the consumption of a Kosher-dairy product is to be consumed?

2. Convert the basic ingredients used to produce ‘pastry cream’ into an authentic ‘vegan’ version.

1. Give five steps to making a dual resistant bacteria containing genes for resistance to ampicllin and Kanamycin

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2. State three importatn components of a vector