Deliver a 700- to 1,050-word transcript of the speech you would give, including the following:

• Discuss factors that lead to genetic variations in a population by using the Hardy-Weinberg law that describes allele frequencies in a population.
• Explain how animal behaviors, including human behaviors, are governed by genetic inheritance.
• Explain how the laboratory mouse has become a valuable model organism for the study of development and genetics.
• What other animal models are used?
• What contribution(s) has research using Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster made in the study of animal behavior and population genetics?
• Elaborate on the future of human disease diagnosis using the data from the Human Genome Project.
• Provide sufficient examples to make the speech relevant to high school students.

Which of the following is INCORRECT when considering how to identify the successful incorporation of a DNA insert into a vector?

A. Colony PCR indicates the presence and size of an insert

B Ampicillin resistance indicates the presence of an insert

C Blue/white screening indicates the presence of an insert

D DNA sequencing confirms the identity of a correct insert

A mutation in the iron response element (IRE)-binding protein causes it to have a much higher affinity for the IRE compared to iron. Predict the most likely outcome of this mutation:

A Cellular iron levels will rapidly increase

B Transcription will be blocked if the IRE is located upstream of the protein-coding region

C Translation of all IRE-containing transcripts will be inhibited

D Translation of iron storage proteins will proceed via a 5' cap-independent pathway

A matrix protein, ELN, is highly expressed in skin cells, but not expressed at all in liver cells. The ELN protein is encoded by the eln gene. Which of the following most likely accounts for tissue-specific ELN expression?

A The eln gene has a stronger promoter in skin cells than in liver cells

B A transcription factor needed for ELN expression may be missing in liver cells

C The RNA polymerase II may be mutated in liver cells

D The eln gene may lack an enhancer region in liver cells

An enzyme has a broad pH optimum having high rates of activity between pH 4 and 12. X-ray diffraction studies show that the enzyme has an active site with glutamate and arginine residues in close proximity to the substrate. Explain how these two residues might be able to promote concerted acid-base catalysis (which residue is acting as the acid, which is acting as the base). Finally, explain why enzyme activity drops off sharply below pH 4 and above pH 12.

What is not true in the description of chloroplast?

Which of the characteristic iS NOT shared in common between mitochondria & chloroplastss?

Select all traits listed below that are shared between prokaryotic Archaea and eukaryotes, but NOT between Archaea and Bacteria.

plants are mainly affected by the biochemical cycle, carbon cycle and phosphorus cycle. describe them and how plants are affected by them.

(subject: Plant Ecology)

Which of the following statements about protists is FALSE (pick one).

Mark the following as True/False

The nuclease Cas9 is encoded by the human genome

Proto-oncogenes are more commonly found in individuals with cancer than in those without cancer

The bacterial genome contains viral RNA that protects it from future viral infections

Embryonic stem cells express high levels of the “Yamanaka factors”.

Beta-amyloid plaques in neurons are associated with Alzheimer’s Disease.

1.List the functions of kinases and cyclins, and describe how they interact to cause cells to move through the cell cycle.

Write the digestive organ(s) that is/are associated with each statement.

1. Where carbohydrates are first broken down (in humans)

2. Where plant material is fermented (in foregut fermenting herbivores)

3. Where water is reabsorbed (in humans)

4. Where gastric juices break down proteins (in humans)

5. Where plant material is fermented (in hindgut fermenting herbivores)

6. Where most nutrients are absorbed and enzymes are also secreted (in humans)

7. Where enzymes and neutralizing bicarbonate is secreted (in humans)

8. Where bile is stored (in humans)

List three hypotheses for the evolution of viruses. Briefly describe the discovery and the nature of “Giant viruses” such as Mimivirus, describing how these viruses differ from most known viruses. How may the tree of life need to be reshaped to accommodate these viruses?

If membrane proteins could flip-flop across bilayer leaflets easily, how would the function of the transmembrane protein Na+/K+ ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) be affected? What will happen to the resting membrane potential?

Give one disadvantage of FT-IR microscopy and electron microscopy.

How can FT-IR spectroscopy be used in fiber analysis?

14.    Evolutionary change of a trait in a population under the effect of selection can occur only when

         a) VE > 0 b) h2 > 0 c) h2 = 0 d) VE = 0

15.    You examine body weight in a laboratory population of mice. You find that individuals fall into five discrete weight classes with mean weights of 15 grams, 20 gr., 25 gr., 30 gr., and 35 gr. The variance of weight within each class is very low, and the distribution of weights in the different weight classes do not overlap. Based on these observations you would conclude that in this population and environment

a) body weight is a quantitative trait b) body weight is a qualitative trait   c) body weight is affected by many different genes d) body weight is affected only by environment e) a & d.

16.    In sage plants, height is affected by only one gene, T. One hundred seeds of genotype TT are grown in a field. After one month the plants are measured and are found to exhibit a continuous normal distribution of heights ranging from 4 to 12 inches. What can you conclude about this phenotypic variation? a) it must be due to genetic variation alone b) it must be due to environmental variation alone c) it is due to a combination of genetic and environmental variation d) you cannot tell the source of the variation.

17.    You bring a sample of flies from a natural population into the laboratory and begin selecting for high body weight by using the heaviest 20% of the population as parents each generation for five generations. If mean body weight remains the same in each generation

         a) phenotypic variation is due only to effects of the environment b) phenotypic variation is due only to genetic variation among individuals c) VG > 0 d) VE = 0

18.    Given the observations described in the previous question you would conclude that for body weight

         a) heritability is zero b) heritability is greater than zero but less than 1 c) heritability is 1 d) heritability is greater than 1

19.    The heritability of body weight in cows a) can be measured on a single individual b) is the proportion of VG which is due to VE  c) is the proportion of VP which is due to VG   d) is the proportion of VE transmitted to offspring e) all of the above.