1. Distinguish between fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration.

You are studying a population of geese in which there are two color phases, brown and gray. Color in this species is controlled by a single gene, with brown dominant to gray. A random sample of 500 geese shows that 45 are gray. What percentage of the brown geese are heterozygous?

. Describe how the primary RNA transcript is modified in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells (unlike mRNA in prokaryotes) before exported to the cytoplasm for translation by ribosomes.

How does arabinose affect GFP on an ara operon?

a. What does arabinose play as on an ara operon?

b. Positive and negative regulation?

c. Assuming the ara operon ascts like a CAP oper, draw the oper in precense and absence of arabinose

1. A homozygous groucho fly ( gro, bristles clumped above the eyes) is crossed with a homozygous rough fly (ro, eye abnormality). The F1 females are testcrossed, producing these offspring:

groucho                       518

rough                           471

groucho, rough            6

wild-type                     5

                                    1000

1. What is the linkage distance between the two genes?
2. Plot the genes on a map
3. If the genes were unlinked and the F1 females were mated with the F1 males, what would be the offspring in the F2 generation?

Genetic information is known to be passed in all of the following directions, except:

1:Phloem requires facilitated diffusion to move sugars and other dissolved molecules in any direction.
A:True
B:False

2:Which of the following mechanisms correctly describes how signals are passed between two neurons?
A:Terminal buds release neurotransmitter that travel across the synapse to connect with membrane receptors on the dendrites of another neuron
B:An electrical signal passes from the terminal buds of one neuron to the dendrites of another neuron.
C:An electrical signal passes from the dendrites of one neuron to the terminal buds of another neuron.
D:Glial cells help an electrical signal passing down an axon cross the synapse to the dendrites of another neuron.
3:Which of the following is the best description of homeostasis?
A:Maintaining an internal equilibrium.
B:Maintaining body shape.
C:The constant interaction of the internal and external environments around an organism.
D:Continually adjusting to changing environmental conditions.
4:Nervous tissue is a key component of managing many homeostatic variables because of which function that it performs?
A:Directly controls fluid balance.  
B:Directly controls water balance.
C:performs different actions in response to environmental conditions.
D:Senses environmental conditions.

What are secondary metabolites and why and when are they produced?
Give the name of an antimicroobial that is produced by the genus Streptomyces.____

The lac operon is regulated via positive and negative regulation. Explain how each
mechanism works on this operon, and under which circumstances will the operon be
turned on. Include the definition of an operon
2. What are the advantages to a microbe of having inducible enzymes? What is the
function of toluene in the experiment where you induced enzyme function?

Which of the following can be linked to a toxin to kill a specific cellular target?

a:Small-molecule drugs

b:Recombinant proteins

c:Monoclonal antibodies

d:Vaccines

e:Blood products

14). How, when, and where do the transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane get imbedded into the membrane, and how do they get into the plasma membrane (their path).

How does Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF) stimulate cells to start prophase?

1000 word essay on the use of vaccinations