**new answer needed****

Applying Principles of the Nervous System to Pharmaceutical Research

Imagine you are a student studying for your pharmacy technician certification exam. Your friend is quizzing you over drugs that affect the nervous system.

As a pharmacy technician you may be asked by a customer how a drug works or why they are taking a particular medication. They may be taking many different medications and can’t remember why they take a certain one.

Unit 4 DQ Question: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in the control of mood. Based on this description, predict what types of health conditions Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) could be used to treat.

The world human population in the twentieth century has been increasing exponentially. Speculate on the logical outcome if this rate of growth continues. How could this growth rate be reduced? What ethical issues could be associated with implementation of any “human management” practices?

Fill out the characteristic traits of each order

• What does "ethical" eating mean to you? Does this ever come into play when you make decisions about what to eat? Explain.
• What does "sustainable" eating mean to you? Does this ever come into play when you make decisions about what to eat? Explain.
• Would you make some changes in the way that you eat? Describe.
• Are you concerned about the amount of plastic, Styrofoam, and paper waste that is produced as a result of your eating? Do you have some ideas as far as how you might start to reduce it?
• Is there anything else that you would like to share with us when it comes to your opinions on eating? Just about anything is fair game! (e.g., issues related to meat consumption, sustainable seafood, health, fast food, etc.)

9 starch agar plates have been inoculated with different bacteria in order to see if each bacterial species has amylase to hydrolyze the starch. After incubation, Gram's iodine must be added to see if the results were positive or negative. Before applying the Gram's iodine, the plates are incubated for 48 hours.

What should you expect to happen if you applied the Gram's iodine after 2 hours of incubation instead of the 48 hours and why?

17. A heterotrimeric G-protein that is associated with a G-protein coupled receptor is fully activated when

A. the GDP that is associated with G-protein's alpha subunit is phosphorylated to GTP.

B. the GDP that is associated with the G-protein's alpha subunit is exchanged for a GTP.

C. the alpha subunit associates with the beta and gamma subunits.

A and C

B and C

Bio 101 Lab #8: All activities/questions are to be completed for a grade. Type your answers to these questions into a Microsoft word document titles ‘Lab 8 – Worksheet’.

Laboratory Experiment 8– Fermentation and Cellular Respiration

Topic

Fermentation

Materials / Equipment

You may have to purchase a few items if you don’t have them in your house.

(4) 16oz soda/water bottles; washed clean and dry

(4) Small balloon, all of the same size, but different colors.

            - Make sure to stretch the balloons by hand before using

Measuring cups and teaspoons

Hot tap water

2 packets of ‘Rapid Rise Yeast’ (each packet has about 2 teaspoons)          

White granulate sugar

Table salt

Corn Starch (1 tablespoon to a 1/4c water)

2 feet of string

1 ruler (with millimeters markings)

Background Information:                    

Yeast, a unicellular fungus, is extremely important in the baking and brewery industries because of its fermentation byproducts- carbon dioxide, which causes bread dough to rise, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is found in alcoholic beverages. Unlike many organisms, yeast is capable of metabolizing by both fermentation (anaerobic respiration) and aerobic respiration processes, depending on the presence or absence of oxygen in the yeast’s environment at the time.

Procedure:

1. Write, with a marker, the number 1 on a balloon and a bottle, write a number 2 on the second balloon and on the second bottle, etc, until all balloons have a corresponding bottle with the same number.

2. Stretch your balloons with your hands, so they will easily inflate during the experiment.

3. Prepare all of the dry ingredients (as seen in #4) first and put them in the bottle, then add ¼ cup hot tap water to each bottle and quickly cover the bottles with their corresponding balloon.

4. Prepare your bottles with the dry ingredients:
   1. Bottle #1: a teaspoon of yeast.
   2. Bottle #2: a teaspoon of yeast and a teaspoon of sugar.
   3. Bottle #3: a teaspoon of yeast and a teaspoon of corn starch.
   4. Bottle #4: a teaspoon of yeast, a teaspoon of sugar, and a teaspoon of salt.

5. Add ¼ cup hot tap water to each of the bottles and quickly cover the bottle’s opening with its corresponding balloon.

6. You will be measuring the rate of fermentation by measuring the circumference with string and a ruler every 20min for a total of 80mins using the chart below.

7. Take a least one picture of you and your experiment.

Questions:

1. What gas is produced by fermentation in yeast?

2. Is fermentation in yeast aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

3. Which bottle showed the most gas production at 80 minutes? Why?

4. Which tube(s) showed the least amount of gas production at 80 minutes? Why?

5. What was the purpose of the salt?

6. What do you predict would happen if you:

1. altered the "yeast food" (such as, syrup, honey, etc.)?

2. altered the water temperature ?

c. altered the size of the bottle?

Part II:

1. Watch the Bioflix that in the assignment folder.
2. After you have watch the Bioflix, select the LabBench ‘Cellular Respiration’ activity: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab5/intro.html

Questions:

1. ___ Which of the following is a true statement based on the data?
   1. The amount of oxygen consumed by germinating corn at 22°C is approximately twice the amount of oxygen consumed by germinating corn at 12°C.
   2. The rate of oxygen consumption is the same in both germinating and non-germinating corn during the initial time period from 0 to 5 minutes.
   3. The rate of oxygen consumption in the germinating corn at 12°C at 10minutes is 0.4 ml oxygen per minute.
   4. The rate of oxygen consumption is higher for non-germinating corn at 12°C than at 22°C.
   5. If the experiment were run for 30 minutes, the rate of oxygen consumption would decreas
2. Why?
3. What is the rate oxygen consumption in germinating corn at 12^oC?
   1. 0.08ml/min
   2. 0.04ml/min
   3. 0.8ml/min
   4. 0.4ml/min
   5. 1.00ml/min
4. Why?
   1. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
5. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?
   1. The rate of respiration is higher in non-germinating seeds than in germinating seeds.
   2. Non-germinating peas are not alive, and show no difference in rate of respiration at different temperatures.
   3. The rate of respiration in the germinating seeds would been higher if the experiment were conducted in sunlight.
   4. The rate of respiration increases as the temperature increases in both germinating and non-germinating seeds.
   5. The amount of oxygen consumed could be increased if pea seeds were substituted for cord seeds.
6. Why?
   1. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
7. ___ What is the role of the KOH in this experiment?
   1. It serves as an electron donor to promote cellular respiration
   2. As KOH breaks down, the oxygen needed for cellular respiration is released.
   3. It serves as a temporary energy source for the respiring organism.
   4. It binds with carbon dioxide to form a solid, preventing carbon dioxide production from affecting the gas volume.
   5. Its attraction for water will cause water to enter the respirometer.

Which FOUR of the following DNA delivery methods have been used successfully to introduce foreign genes into the nuclear genome of the alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

a. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

b. Agitation with glass beads or silicon carbide whiskers

c. Electroporation

d. Microinjection

e. Natural DNA uptake

f. Biolistics

I need new and unique answers, please. (Use your own words, don't copy and paste), Please Use your keyboard (Don't use handwriting) Thank you..

The paper essay assignment must be 2 pages (500 words) , if you can please i need references

According to the WHO, the recent Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) outbreak was firstly reported on December 31, 2019 in China. This virus is growing rapidly, and the health organizations are working hard to reduce the number of cases.

As a public health official, using the Public Health Pyramid levels, explain how we can plan, implement, and evaluate a certain plan of your own. Think about how you can contribute the individual and the community level to help reduce the number of cases.

• History of the virus. (1 Paragraph)
• Describe the recent statistics and data of the Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). (1 Paragraph)
• Explain how you can use the Public Health Pyramid to identify the planning, implementing, and the evaluation process to reduce the number of cases. (2 Paragraphs)

In water being drawn up the capillary tube, which of the following is acting directly on the water molecules in the center of the tube?

Group of answer choices

cohesion

adhesion

adhesion and cohesion

desity

Compare and contrast rates of glycogen metabolism in liver and muscle cells based on hormone stimulation and energy charge of the cell.

Part 1 complete the table by replacing question mark (?) with “high” or “low” as required.

Part 2. (Each row in the table is a separate condition. Interpret each condition independently)

Explain how the conditions regulate specific enzymes to stimulate or inhibit the rates of glycogen breakdown and glycogen synthesis.

Explain glucose release

5. What are the specific types of channels found along the membrane of the dendrites and cell body? For

       each channel stated, identify what ions will cross the channel and in what direction? Indicate if the ions        

       would cause an excitatory post-synaptic potential or an inhibitory post-synaptic potential.

        Dendrites/cell body

1. A 2 kb fragment of DNA was cut by EcoRI and BamHI and then analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The following fragment sizes were produced:

EcoRI: 900, 700, 400

BamHI: 1100, 900

In order to map the location of each restriction site, each fragment was then digested with the other two restriction enzymes. The following was obtained:

Based on the fragment size analysis performed above, construct the map of restriction sites for this 2 kb fragment of DNA.

2.     Most restriction enzymes (RE’s) were isolated from bacteria. Since these bacteria require an intact (i.e. undigested) genome in order to survive, what mechanism protects the genomic DNA of bacteria from digestion by their own restriction enzymes?

3. Today we examined the pattern of genomic DNA when it is cut by a restriction enzyme. One of the enzymes, EcoRI, recognizes a specific 6 bp sequence. How often would you expect this enzyme to cut a long stretch of DNA? About how many fragments does an EcoRI digest produce on the calf genome (Bos taurus, 3 x 10⁹ basepairs in length)? Show all work.

4.   There are two principles underlying gel electrophoresis: charge, and the use of a gel matrix. Explain why both of these are necessary to separate DNA by size. Why is charge alone insufficient? Why is a gel matrix without charge insufficient?

5.     Agarose gel electrophoresis can size fractionate DNA fragments. If a 1000 bp linear DNA fragment and plasmid DNA 1000 bp in length are both run on the same gel, will they appear as the same size? Why or why not?

6.    Today we amplified 50 ng of Bos taurus (calf) DNA by PCR. This amount of DNA contains about 15,000 molecules of the insulin gene [50 ng DNA= 2.5 x 10^-20 mol; (2.5x10^-20 )x(6.023×10²³) = 1.5 x 10⁴ molecules]. We performed PCR for 35 cycles to amplify the amount of this gene.

      a. What is the theoretical fold amount of DNA amplified by 35 cycles of PCR (remember the 2^N formula)?

      b. How many molecules of the insulin gene would therefore be present after PCR?

7.   In theory, PCR exponentially amplifies a DNA fragment for x number of cycles. However, the concentration of PCR products will usually never reach the theoretical amount of amplification. Why do you think this is the case?