Please describe four essential components of TGFb signaling pathway in terms of gene name and function under normal and cancer conditions as a table summary
In: Biology
Regulation of gene expression occurs primarily at the level of transcription. What would be different if cells controlled gene expression primarily at the level of translation?
a. |
The ability to rapidly respond to environmental change would be reduced. |
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b. |
Genes would no longer be transcribed efficiently. |
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c. |
Cells would expend significantly more energy. |
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d. |
Many different protein isoforms would be produced. |
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e. |
Translation of mRNA would not occur. |
If an enhancer associated with a gene was deleted or mutated, what would be the effect on levels of gene expression?
a. |
Gene expression would be reduced or not occur at the appropriate time. |
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b. |
The gene would not be recognized by RNA polymerase. |
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c. |
Gene expression would not occur at all. |
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d. |
Gene expression would increase or occur at the inappropriate time. |
Cells regulate gene expression at the level of translation by:
a. |
controlling ribosome binding at the 5' end of mRNA. |
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b. |
controlling the length of the polyA tail. |
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c. |
controlling the amount of amino acids used. |
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d. |
a and b |
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e. |
a, b and c |
|
f. |
a and c |
In: Biology
In: Biology
hat is the relationship between diabetes, glucose in food, saliva, microvilli, blood transport of glucose, beta cells of pancreas, diabetes- elevated blood glucose, glomerulus, glucose in urine? Major emphasis on RELATIONSHIP
In: Biology
In: Biology
A 6month infant has hepatosplenomegaly, failure to
thrive, musclc weakncss, hypotonia, decreased deep tendon reflex.
Lab result.normal blood glucose. Liver biopsy:(+) initial stage of
cirrhosis due to
accumulation of an abnormal glycogen that has few branchpoints.
Clinical picture and labs are consistent with which type of
glycogen storage discasc (GSD)? explain the reason also
In: Biology
. 6.What is agglutination?
7. What is agglutinogen?
8. What are the preformed antibodies in human blood?
9. Which antibody in the blood is formed after exposure to antigen?
10. What is its consequences?
In: Biology
In: Biology
During the mismatch repair of DNA, the repair enzyme
will remove several nucleotides on both DNA strands.
will remove several nucleotides on one DNA strand.
will remove only the mismatched nucleotide.
will remove the mismatched nucleotide, and the same enzyme will replace it with the correct nucleotide.
is unable to detect mutations.
In: Biology
(unicellular vs metazoan), use no more than a few short sentences to speculate why one organism might encode the protein (or a similar family member to that identified in question 1) and another may not.
Your reasoning should include reference to the type of protein and how it works in general terms.
In: Biology
3. Identify the topological similarities and differences among the trees. I.e., what relationships are shared across the different phylogenies, and what relationships are different
4. Why do you think all methods did not result in the same tree topology (your answer can be general and does not need to include technical details).
5. Compare your phylogenies to the published phylogeny in Perelman et al. (2011), focusing just on the “Hominidae” clade. Do any of your topologies match their topology? If not, why do you think that might be? Hint: compare the number of species in your phylogeny compared to theirs & compare the number of genes analyzed in their study compared to yours.
In: Biology
1- Briefly define the following types of primate behavior and give an example of each as
discussed in class, in your textbook, and/or as seen in observations in films: dominance,
aggression, affiliative, tool use, and communication.
2- Discuss the structural as well as behavioral changes that are the result of bipedalism.
3- Is it possible to use bone trauma to help solve a forensic case?
Please answer All of them. Thank you!
In: Biology
In: Biology
LAC operon undergoes both negative and positive control of transcription initiation. Look over the structure of the Lac operon and its regulatory gene (LAC I).
a. Describe the negative control of this inducible operon. How does it prevent transcription initiation?
b. Describe the positive control of LAC operon. Include in your discussion, the CAP protein, adenlyl cyclase, and cAMP protein. How does it increase transcription to a higher rate?
c. In presence of glucose, inducer exclusion (keeping lactose out of the cell) is an important means of controlling transcription of the LAC operon. Phosphotranferase systems (PTS) of transporting sugars are essential to keeping the lactose transporter inactive until glucose is no longer available in the medium. Describe how the PTS is involved in both activating the lactose transporter and adenylyl cyclase in the absence of glucose?
In: Biology
In: Biology