Questions
Please describe four essential components of TGFb signaling pathway in terms of gene name and function...

Please describe four essential components of TGFb signaling pathway in terms of gene name and function under normal and cancer conditions as a table summary

In: Biology

Regulation of gene expression occurs primarily at the level of transcription. What would be different if...

Regulation of gene expression occurs primarily at the level of transcription. What would be different if cells controlled gene expression primarily at the level of translation?

a.

The ability to rapidly respond to environmental change would be reduced.

b.

Genes would no longer be transcribed efficiently.

c.

Cells would expend significantly more energy.

d.

Many different protein isoforms would be produced.

e.

Translation of mRNA would not occur.

If an enhancer associated with a gene was deleted or mutated, what would be the effect on levels of gene expression?

a.

Gene expression would be reduced or not occur at the appropriate time.

b.

The gene would not be recognized by RNA polymerase.

c.

Gene expression would not occur at all.

d.

Gene expression would increase or occur at the inappropriate time.

Cells regulate gene expression at the level of translation by:

a.

controlling ribosome binding at the 5' end of mRNA.

b.

controlling the length of the polyA tail.

c.

controlling the amount of amino acids used.

d.

a and b

e.

a, b and c

f.

a and c

In: Biology

explain how naive T cells become sensitized to an antigen

explain how naive T cells become sensitized to an antigen

In: Biology

hat is the relationship between diabetes, glucose in food, saliva, microvilli, blood transport of glucose, beta...

hat is the relationship between diabetes, glucose in food, saliva, microvilli, blood transport of glucose, beta cells of pancreas, diabetes- elevated blood glucose, glomerulus, glucose in urine? Major emphasis on RELATIONSHIP

In: Biology

a strain of E.coli has a D-value of 1.3 minutes at 60 degrees celcius. which of...

a strain of E.coli has a D-value of 1.3 minutes at 60 degrees celcius. which of the following statements is correct:
A. each increase or decrease in temperature of 1.3 degrees celcius will result in a 1 log change in D-value

B. at 60 degrees celcius, the number of viable E.coli will increase by 1 log in 1.3 minutes

C. at 60 degrees celcius, the number of viable E.coli will be non-existent in 1.3 minutes

D. at 60 degrees celcius, the number of viable E.coli will be reduced by 1 log in 1.3 minutes

E. none of the above


In: Biology

A 6month infant has hepatosplenomegaly, failure to thrive, musclc weakncss, hypotonia, decreased deep tendon reflex. Lab...

A 6month infant has hepatosplenomegaly, failure to thrive, musclc weakncss, hypotonia, decreased deep tendon reflex. Lab result.normal blood glucose. Liver biopsy:(+) initial stage of cirrhosis due to accumulation of an abnormal glycogen that has few branchpoints. Clinical picture and labs are consistent with which type of glycogen storage discasc (GSD)? explain the reason also

In: Biology

. 6.What is agglutination? 7. What is agglutinogen? 8. What are the preformed antibodies in human...

. 6.What is agglutination?

7. What is agglutinogen?

8. What are the preformed antibodies in human blood?

9. Which antibody in the blood is formed after exposure to antigen?

10. What is its consequences?

In: Biology

Discuss the process of digestion of starch, beginning in the mouth and ending with uptake in...

  1. Discuss the process of digestion of starch, beginning in the mouth and ending with uptake in to the muscle cell for ATP production, making sure to touch on major transporters, and enzyme and hormone actions each step. (12 sentences total)

In: Biology

During the mismatch repair of DNA, the repair enzyme will remove several nucleotides on both DNA...

During the mismatch repair of DNA, the repair enzyme

  1. will remove several nucleotides on both DNA strands.

  2. will remove several nucleotides on one DNA strand.

  3. will remove only the mismatched nucleotide.

  4. will remove the mismatched nucleotide, and the same enzyme will replace it with the correct nucleotide.

  5. is unable to detect mutations.

In: Biology

(unicellular vs metazoan), use no more than a few short sentences to speculate why one organism...

(unicellular vs metazoan), use no more than a few short sentences to speculate why one organism might encode the protein (or a similar family member to that identified in question 1) and another may not.

Your reasoning should include reference to the type of protein and how it works in general terms.

In: Biology

3. Identify the topological similarities and differences among the trees. I.e., what relationships are shared across...

3. Identify the topological similarities and differences among the trees. I.e., what relationships are shared across the different phylogenies, and what relationships are different

4. Why do you think all methods did not result in the same tree topology (your answer can be general and does not need to include technical details).

5. Compare your phylogenies to the published phylogeny in Perelman et al. (2011), focusing just on the “Hominidae” clade. Do any of your topologies match their topology? If not, why do you think that might be? Hint: compare the number of species in your phylogeny compared to theirs & compare the number of genes analyzed in their study compared to yours.

In: Biology

1- Briefly define the following types of primate behavior and give an example of each as...

1- Briefly define the following types of primate behavior and give an example of each as

discussed in class, in your textbook, and/or as seen in observations in films: dominance,

aggression, affiliative, tool use, and communication.

2- Discuss the structural as well as behavioral changes that are the result of bipedalism.

3- Is it possible to use bone trauma to help solve a forensic case?

Please answer All of them. Thank you!

In: Biology

Write an essay on the topics below: Control of gene expression in bacteria. (12 marks) Role...

  1. Write an essay on the topics below:
  1. Control of gene expression in bacteria.
  2. Role of control of gene expression in cell differentiation. Give few examples .
  3. Comparatively, the control of gene expressions in eukaryotes are more complicated than in prokaryotes. Explain.

In: Biology

LAC operon undergoes both negative and positive control of transcription initiation. Look over the structure of...

LAC operon undergoes both negative and positive control of transcription initiation. Look over the structure of the Lac operon and its regulatory gene (LAC I).

a. Describe the negative control of this inducible operon. How does it prevent transcription initiation?

b. Describe the positive control of LAC operon. Include in your discussion, the CAP protein, adenlyl cyclase, and cAMP protein. How does it increase transcription to a higher rate?

c. In presence of glucose, inducer exclusion (keeping lactose out of the cell) is an important means of controlling transcription of the LAC operon. Phosphotranferase systems (PTS) of transporting sugars are essential to keeping the lactose transporter inactive until glucose is no longer available in the medium. Describe how the PTS is involved in both activating the lactose transporter and adenylyl cyclase in the absence of glucose?

In: Biology

List 2 potential problems associated with the use of genetically engineered agricultural (crop) plants. How successful...

List 2 potential problems associated with the use of genetically engineered agricultural (crop) plants.

How successful has gene therapy been in curing diseases?

A food product at the grocery store has printed on it, “Contains no GMOs”.
​a) What does this statement mean?
​b) How is a GMO produced?
​c) Give 3 examples of commonly consumed food products that usually contain GMOs.

What is bt corn?

Most attempts at cloning animals have resulted in normal, healthy adults. (True or False)

In what decade did genetic engineering begin?

If I wanted to determine whether or not I was related to someone (using genetic methods), I could compare our genomes to see if we had the same unique sequences in the same locations. These sequences are called ____________________ ____________________ (2 words)

In: Biology