Please explain how the sequence of events that occurs when a codon that specifies an amino acid enters a ribosome's A site differs from the sequence of events that occurs when a stop codon enters a ribosome's A site.

Questions:

1. For a positive test result in Simmons Citrate media, explain why nitrogen metabolism is dependent on citrate metabolism.

2. Explain why nitrate metabolism is necessary for a positive result occurring and how a positive result is visualized.

10.Which base pairing is incorrect for DNA replication (not protein synthesis)

a. A-T

B. T-A

C. G-C

D. U-T

12.Cancer results from unchecked

a. Mitosis

b. Meiosis

c. Homeostasis

d. Complementarity

22. Which of the following is true about aerobic cellular respiration?

a. it occurs in both plant and animal cells

b. It is a catabolic reaction

c. Sugar ( in the presence of oxygen) is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

d. all of the above is true.

31. Which of the follwoing is true about the amino acid code?

a. the code is nearly universal

b. the code is redundant

c. the code had no redundancy

d. both a and b

32. what is the function of an operon?

a. promotes the expression of a gene

b. codes for the production of proteins

c. allows binding of suppressor proteins

d. none of the above

how does population size affect additive genetic variance and divergence of quantitative traits

Plant physiology

You have done a genetic screen for a mutant plant line (Arabidopsis of course!) that can not use glutamate as a nitrogen source. Describe one experiment you will do to provide proof that your mutant is defective in nitrogen assimilation. Be specific and thorough with your answer.

1.

-What physical phenomenon is MRI based on?

-What is the magnetic field gradient? Do we need this in MRI's?

-What is the effect of head motion on an fMRI signal?

-Why would BOLD fMRI signal increase after neuronal activation?

-What is the effect of neuronol activity in the fMRI voxel on its T2*?

What is the difference between EF-G independent and EF-G dependent translocation?  

a. Explain how eukaryotic chromosomes become shortened after each round of replication.

b. Why does this not happen in prokaryotes?

c. How does the cell attempt to remedy this problem

9.) Explain how the fatality rate is different across different age groups with COVID-19 (1 point).

10.) Explain why you think that there is a difference in these different age groups.

11.) List the symptoms of a mild case of COVID-19.

12.) List the symptoms of a severe case of COVID-19.

13.) What does the acronym A.R.D.S. stand for?

14.) Describe how A.R.D.S. develops in people with severe cases of COVID-19.

15.) Define R₀ as it pertains to a virus’s spread?

16.) How does the R₀ of COVID-19 compare with the R₀ of the seasonal flu and what does that indicate about how easily both of these viruses spread when comparing them to each other?          

17.) Describe the preventive measures that are currently being used to prevent the spread of this virus.

18.) What do you think that these measures will do to the spread of COVID-19 compared to if these measures were not put into place (thoroughly explain your answer based on what you learned from this video).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKpVMivbTfg (

1. What determines whether a gene allele is a risk-increasing versus a risk-decreasing allele?

2. What does it mean when we say that genetic factors influence what dose of a drug will be safest and most effective for you?

3. Imagine someone who has asthma has a direct-to-consumer test that tells him that he has risk- decreasing alleles for asthma in two of his relevant genes. How do you explain the fact that he has asthma, despite having two risk-decreasing alleles in relevant genes?

4. What does it mean to say you have a risk-increasing allele for cancer that has been reported to have 20% penetrance?

5. Why does the test that is used to determine whether a woman who has breast cancer should be prescribed Herceptin or not focus on analyzing the mRNA of the HER2 gene? What does that tell you that a DNA-level analysis would not tell you?

6. Multiple choice—Just give me the letters of your choices—no need for explanation—there may be more than one correct answer. Give me all that are true.
Which of the following is true regarding the effects of mutations in the coding sequence of a gene?

A. they sometimes change the level of activity that every individual molecule of the protein has B. they sometimes change the overall level of activity you have of that protein in your body
C. they sometimes change the rate at which the cell makes that protein

7. Multiple choice—Just give me the letters of your choices—no need for explanation—there may be more than one correct answer. Give me all that are true.
Which of the following is true regarding the effects of mutations in the promoter region of a gene?

A. they sometimes change the level of activity that every individual molecule of the protein has B. they sometimes change the overall level of activity you have of that protein in your body
C. they sometimes change the rate at which the cell makes that protein

Relate the concept of natural selection to the process of evolution. What conditions are necessary for natural selection to result in the evolution of a population?

1. What malfunctioning mechanisms could be contributing to the development of anencephaly?

2. Anencephaly is likely caused by a problem with which of the following? a. Primary neurulation b. Secondary neurulation c. Junctional neurulation

3. Develop a model of anencephaly based upon a problem with alterations in cell polarity.

4. Develop a model of anencephaly based upon a problem with morphogen signaling.

5. Develop a model of anencephaly based upon a problem with cell to cell interactions.