1) Draw and explain why the conformation freedom of peptides is limited.

2) Discuss the roles of hemoglobin and myoglobin in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

DNA: How many spacing base pairs between two double-crossover units so that the two double-crossover units are parallel to each other?

Hello! I have no idea what my professor is asking here, any help is greatly appreciated. Thank you so much!

Is RNA directly used in DNA replication?

1.RNA is not involved during the process of genome replication

2.RNA is needed to provide the 3' -OH groups at the start of construction of new DNA

3.tRNA is matched to the codons on the genome during DNA replication

4.All of the monomers used to construct the new DNA molecule are first constructed as RNA and then a -CH3 group is added

What chemical you use to induce cell competent for transformation? What are three important features a vector should have?  Why it is important to have the recovery process during transformation? What is the next step after recovery process?

Bar eye (B) is a dominant and sex-linked trait of Drosophila. Curved wings (cu) and black body (bl) are recessive traits, both found on chromosome 2, separated by 24 map units. A homozygous Bar-eyed, black-bodied female is crossed to a true-breeding male expressing curved wings. The heterozygous F1 female is then crossed to a male expressing all three traits. At what frequency among the F2 would you expect to find a completely wild type male?

How often would you find a Bar eyed, curved wing female?

Phylum Arthropoda Discussion:

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having an exoskeleton?

6. Define metamerism and tagmatization and discuss the advantages of these characteristics.

7. What are a crayfish’s gills attached to? Why?

8. Many arthropods undergo metamorphosis. Name a possible advantage of this process.

Compare/contrast how you think these sugars below would be metabolized by yeast. Be sure to explain your reasoning refering to their molecular structures.

Glucose

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

Starch

QUESTION 1

1. Muscles can use ketone bodies, glucose, and fatty acids for energy.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Lysine and arginine are the only purely ketogenic amino acids.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 3

1. Arginine is a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide, a free radical gas.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 4

1. If thrown into a lake, a 10-pound slab of butter would sink to the bottom.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 5

1. Certain saturated fatty acids are called ‘essential fatty acids’ (EFAs) because we cannot synthesize them, yet we need them for several key biological functions.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Cholesterol esters are weakly amphipathic.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 7

1. For a protein to be efficiently degraded by the proteasome, it must first be polyubiquitinated.     

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Animals are dependent on plants and certain microorganisms for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing organic compounds.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Endogenous TAGs and fatty acids are carried to the liver by chylomicron remnants.

   True

   False

1 points   

QUESTION 10

1. The surface lipids and proteins of lipoprotein particles have many covalent bonds between them that stabilize the particles during transport through the bloodstream.

   True

   False

1- Which geological period saw the highest diversity of fishes? List the three main groups of armoured fishes that coexisted and radiated in this period and their main characteristics. Provide some possible explanations for their extinction.

2-Explain how a white shark (Charcharodon charcharias) located 2 km away from a sea lion (Family Otariidae) can successfully detect and capture it. Describe all the possible senses and anatomical structures involved in providing information to the shark as it homes in on the unsuspecting sea lion. Also include in your answer the predation strategy of the shark, from attacking, to killing and eating its prey.

Demonstrate BY DRAWING the Nephon  

1. Be sure to draw the following:
   1. Glomerulus
   2. PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting Duct
2. Using arrows, demonstrate filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in your drawing
3. 3. Using arrows show, the active / passive transport of Na, Cl, water, Amino acids, glucose, K, NH₄, Urea, and HCO₃

_{ALSO PLEASE ***Please don't copy and paste a picture from the internet***}

1- Make two labelled drawings: 1) a lancelet, and 2) a benthic tunicate. Then discuss why both organisms are placed in the phylum Chordata.

2-Describe a) the mammal characteristics and b) the Carnivora characteristics evident in a domestic cat Felis silvestris catus.

1-a)List the defining characteristics of the Chondrichthyes. b) Draw a simplified phylogenetic tree for cartilaginous fishes and outline the characteristics of the three main types.

2- Describe the main evolutionary steps involved in the conquest of landmasses by vertebrate organisms during the Devonian period.

1-Explain six of the following terms with reference to the Mollusca. In your answer be as comprehensive as possible regarding each term and use illustrations. a) mantle cavity, b) radula c) ctenidia, d) Monoplacophora, e) trochophore, f) pulmonate gastropod, and g) torsion.

2-Describe how the gnathostomes developed a jaw, and discuss how this adaption has benefitted later chordate species.