There are techniques in biotechnology that can create genetically engineered babies.

This technology can cure genetic diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Hodgkin’s Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Alzheimer’s, or Sickle Cell Anemia. However, it can also be used to give cosmetic characteristics or traits that would result in an unfair advantage, such as creating better athletes by giving them incredible strength. Write a 250-word Essay on how this technology should be used in the future. Should limits be placed on what can be done with this technology? How can such regulations be enforced?

OUTLINE

1) How should this technology be used in the future? - To prevent genetic diseases and assist the child in living a healthy life.

2) Should limits be placed on what can be done with this technology? - YES. This technology should not be used for superficial purposes, such as appearance concerns, building better athletes, and selecting the sex of the child.

3)How can such regulations be enforced? - By setting laws that require the procedures to only be used for health concerns and the prevention of genetic diseases.

Which of the following occurs in cellular respiration but NOT in photosynthesis?

oxygen is consumed

water is split

electrons pass through an electron transport chain

protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane

there is a negative free energy change

redox reactions are aided by enzymes

6) a) Why does the chick embryo form as a blastoderm and not as a blastula? (4 %)

b) Where are the 2 chick early organisers and what are they called? (5 %)

c) How are new somites specified in chick? (3%)  

7) a) What is the difference between the mammalian early blastula and other vertebrate embryos and what is the significance of the differences? (5%)

b) How do homeotic genes in mice differ from those in flies? (4%)

c) What is the role of retinoic acid in mouse determination (3%)

What are the main concerns with the dietary protein choices and why?

What recommendations, given many suffer from chronic diseases, would you give re: protein sources? (perhaps a ratio of animal protein to plant protein).

4) a) What is the cavity inside the blastula called and how does it form? (3%)

b) What happens during gastrulation in the amphibian embryo? (3 %)

c) What are the tissue layers and the cavities present in the amphibian embryo after end of gastrula? (6 %)

d) How does the neural tube form and what does it become in the adult? (4%)

5) a) How are axes determined in the amphibian embryo? (10%)

b) Describe an experiment that can reveal the function of the Nieuwkoop centre. (5%)

c) How and where is the Spemann organiser induced? (3%)

Describe the general physiological characteristics of the archaic forms of H. sapiens. How do these hominins physically differ from the Neandertal?

1. A common feature of cell-cycle regulation is that the events of one phase ensure progression into a subsequent phase. In S. cerevisiae, mid- and lateG1 cyclin-CDK’s catalyze progression through G1, and multiple B type (S and M) cyclin-CDK complexes catalyze progression through S, G2, and M. Name three ways in which the activities of mid- and late-G1 cyclin-CDKs promote the activation of S-phase and mitotic cyclin-CDK complexes.

Discuss the importance of amphioxus and ammocoete larvae and how they are different from each other.

What would each of the following be predicted to achieve regarding cancer development?Explain you answer.

A patient takes low dose aspiring for many years.

An individual inherits a defective version of the XPA gene, a component of the nucleotide excision repair pathway, from each of his parents.

A low grade tumor cell hypermethylates the promoter for Mad2, a component of the spindle assembly checkpoint.

A patient with a rapidly growing tumor receives an experimental treatment consisting of a potentangiogenesis inhibitor.

Describe the steps or features of wound healing that have counterparts in the development of a tumor. How does each feature contribute to tumor formation?

Identify and briefly describe the three stages of tumor development. Include a description of the types of factors that contribute to each stage.

a) Diagram and explain the biological carbon pump.

b) Diagram and eplain the microbial carbon pump.

You are performing a DNA extraction of Prochlorococcus. Your goal is to extract 300 ng of DNA. You inoculated a flask with 1,000 cells. In the growth conditions you are using for your experiment, the lag phase of Prochlorococcus is 1.5 days and u = 0.6 days ^-1.

a) On what day should you perform the DNA extraction? (Assume 1 cell has 0.005 ng of DNA) Show your work for full credit.

b)Alas, 3 days into the incubation process all of your cells have died! You have done this experimental procedure before and it has gone well, but this time something got in the way. Discuss two possible reasons your phytoplankton cells could have died.

c) You perform the experiment again but now that you’ve lost 3 days you want to speed up the process. You decide to inoculate with more cells this time. How many cells of Prochlorococcus would use as an inoculum such that you can perform the DNA extraction on day 5?

Developmental Biology class: Compare and Contrast Sex Determination in Mammals to that of Drosophila

The meat from whales has long been a delicacy in Japan and other nations. Whaling ships decimated populations of most species of whales in the 20th century through overhunting. The International Whaling Commission (IWC) – an international organization established in 1946 that monitors and governs the practice of whaling – outlawed commercial whaling worldwide beginning in 1986. But whale meat continues to be sold to wealthy consumers from legally-obtained sources, such as whales harvested for scientific research and whales captured accidentally by vessels fishing for other species (called “bycatch”).

However, conservation biologists long suspected that much of the whale meat on the market was actually caught illegally for the purpose of selling for food and that fleets from Japan and other nations were killing more whales than international law allowed. To see if this is the case, conservation geneticists C. Scott Baker, Stephen Palumbi, and Frank Cipriano embraced the use of genetic analysis tools to track the origin of whale meat in Asian markets.

what would be the observation, question , hypothesis, prediction, and test?