1. In some detail, explain why we (as humans) should not rely on the natural selection for the ∆32 allele to produce universal or near-universal resistance to the HIV virus

2. From an evolutionary perspective, what is meant by “fitness”?

3. List three different types or categories of mutations, describe briefly how each occurs, and the consequences of each regarding genetic variations

4. Although non-random mating does not itself change allele frequencies so technically is not a mechanism of evolution, it violates one of the assumptions of H-W equilibrium. In the context of H-W, why is non-random mating so profound in terms of evolutionary biology?

The pKa of an aspartic acid side chain buried in the hydrophobic core of a protein is found to be unusually high. Explain in your own words why this might be the case.

Explain the differences between the circulatory system of a fetus and that of a new born baby.  

Find an article that relates to one or both of these topics probiotics and the human microbiota. and discuss the conclusions and applications of the article.

3. One of the important stages in Downstream processing is the purification and polishing stage to meet the product criteria / specifications in accordance with applicable regulations. Explain the process and tool for purification and polishing of biodiesel using microalgae, give reasons for choosing the equipment used?

Elaine was enjoying a pleasant day on the ski slopes at Winter Park. When she got on the lift to the top of Parsenn Bowl (12,000 ft), the weather was fine—windy, but sunny. During the 5- or 10-minute ride, the weather changed suddenly; it became a white-out, with icy surface snow, blowing snow, a very strong wind, and extremely low visibility. Many people fell as they got off the lift, including Elaine. However, she got up and joined her family members as they stood, wondering just how they were going to get down the mountain. Meanwhile, the lift closed due to the terrible conditions (50-mile-an-hour wind and a temperature of −20° F). As she adjusted her stance, Elaine somehow twisted and fell again, which resulted in external rotation of her right knee. There was no pain at the time and she thought she could get up and prepare to get down the mountain, but her knee was too unstable. While she sat on the icy surface, her husband notified the lift operator to call the Ski Patrol. In about 20 minutes they arrived and put her on a sled, which they skied down the slope; when they reached the Ski Patrol headquarters, they transferred the sled to a snowmobile and promptly got her down the mountain and into the emergency room.

What would happen to her body if the homeostatic mechanism failed?

What areas of the body would be the most vulnerable to frostbite?

What are the signs and symptoms of frostbite?

Give an example of a negative feedback mechanism that is describing her condition right now. Label all of the components and put what is occurring in her body at this time.

1. What is the most common bacterial organism that causes otitis media in children?

2. What is the organism's Gram-stain characteristic?

3. What signs or symptoms lead a practitioner to suspect otitis media in infants or a 3-month-old?

4. What drug would you use to treat this patient which has no known allergies to medications?

Develop a simple experiment to test the given microbes in the various salt solutions and include a method to determine growth. Predict the results of your experiment. You are provided nutrient broth cultures of the following microbes: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Halobacterium salinarium.

The availability of water is defined by a physical parameter called the water activity, Aw. It is determined by measuring the ratio of the water vapor pressure of a solution to the water vapor pressure of pure water. The values for water activity vary between 0 and 1.0, and the closer the value is to 1.0, the more water is available to a cell for metabolic purposes.

1. the physical sites at which crossing over occurs are the....

A. chiasmata

B. Centrioles

C. Centrosomes

D. tetrads.

2. what is the name for the call structure at the poles" of the cell that spindles fibers attach too?

A. chromatin

B. Centromere

C. Centriole

D. Sister chromatid

3. Explain how we know, the tongue rolling in not inherited in a simple dominant/recessive way and may not be inherited at all. ?

4. A trait is considered multifactorial if it is ........... and influenced by the environment.

For fatty acid synthesis what would be the substrate if you are making an even number fatty acid?

What would be the product if you are breaking down an odd number fatty acid?

Explain the cardiac and vascular changes that take place during exercise. Ensure you include a description of stroke volume, heart rate, blood flow to tissues and blood pressure

(8-10 sentences) How do macronutrients and micronutrients regulate gene expression and thus, protein function (in general).  Give an example of an epigenetic influence that your eating behaviors (macro/micronutrient intake) might have on gene expression.  Use a peer reviewed article written in the past 5 years to support your discussion.

As much detail as possible please!

Answer at least 2 of the following Discussion post questions. Answer question 1 and choose between either question 2 or 3. Then reply to at least 2 of your classmate’s discussion posts.

• Outline an APC protocol for collection of a sample of ground beef for testing.

• Discuss the various methods designed to detect and enumerate microorganisms associated with food samples. Compare the methods and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Along with your discussion of the methods, include their specific appropriateness.

• Why does the DMC method have little or no value for foods with low microbial numbers?

Compare and contrast the three methods of sex determination.