14.) Complete b oxidation of a 10:1Δ⁷ fatty acid yields which of the following?

15.) Complete b oxidation of an 11:1Δ⁷ fatty acid yields which of the following in addition to propionyl-CoA (3:0)?

A) 4 acetyl CoA + 3 FADH₂ + 4 NADH + 4 H⁺           B) 4 acetyl CoA + 4 FADH₂ + 4 NADH + 4 H⁺

C) 5 acetyl CoA + 3 FADH₂ + 4 NADH + 4 H⁺           D) 5 acetyl CoA + 4 FADH₂ + 5 NADH + 5 H⁺          

E) 6 acetyl CoA + 5 FADH₂ + 6 NADH + 6 H⁺            F) 6 acetyl CoA + 5 FADH₂ + 5 NADH + 5 H⁺

G) 6 acetyl CoA + 4 FADH₂ + 5 NADH + 5 H

The following reaction is a part of the TCA cycle:

succinate + FAD ⇄ fumarate + FADH2

3) The E°’ for the reduction of FAD is -0.22 V and the E°’ for the reduction of fumarate is 0.03 V. Calculate ΔE°’ for the full reaction given above. Show your work. Be mindful of units. (1 pt)

4) Use your answer from part (3) to calculate ΔG°’ for the full forward reaction given above. Use F = 96,500 J V-1 mol-1. Show your work. Be mindful of units. (1 pt)

5) The ΔG°’ for the forward reaction is positive, and yet we know the TCA cycle is able to proceed in the cell. Is this a contradiction of thermodynamic principles? In two to three sentences, briefly explain your reasoning. (2 pts)

6) Let’s look at the same reaction, but under a new set of conditions that more closely match intracellular concentrations: [FADH2] / [FAD] = 10 [succinate] = 1.7 mM [fumarate] = 100 µM Derive an equation to calculate ΔE from ΔE°’, n, R, T, F, and the concentrations provided above. n = number of electrons Use R = 8.314 J mol-1 K-1, T = 298 K, and F = 96,500 J V-1 mol -1. Simplify the equation as much as you can before calculating ΔE. Show your work. Be mindful of units. Only round at the very end and write your answer out to four decimal places. (2 pts)

I just need help on parts 5 and 6 please explain

1. Describe the function of the FeS04 in the KIA medium.

2. How many days does it take to complete the gelatin hydrolysis test.

3. How many hours minimum must you incubate the gelatin hydrolysis test?

4. Lysine Decarboxyclase test: Give two ways to prevent the diffusion of oxygen into the medium in this test.

5. Describe the Kirby Bauer Method.

6. Why must the CAMP test be performed on a blood agar plate?

Describe briefly the evolution of Craniata and Vertebrata.

Shown below is a list of molecules that function in fruit fly development and a list of distribution patterns. Match the molecules to their normal distribution in fruit fly embryos.

(Put each letter to each Answer)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is used to characterize the physical characteristics and expression levels of:

The end product of a multistep process that includes 1) digestion of genomic DNA by restriction enzymes, 2) ligation of this DNA into vectors, 3) transformation of bacteria with the recombinant DNA molecules, and 4) isolation of individual bacterial clones that carry this recombinant DNA.

Long stretches of uninterrupted codons in genomic DNA are known as:

Choices-

2'-OH group, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, deoxyribonucleotide, adenine, guanine, Chargaff's rules, Avery, McLeod, McCarty experiment, Hershey-Chase experiment, 5'-to-3', 3'-to-5', N-15, S-35, G-C complementarity, change in phenotype due to uptake of foreign DNA, 10, 32, 45 complete helical turns in a 600 bp DNA molecule ,

, 30 nm fiber, 300 nm fiber, euchromatin, heterochromatin ,

Describe one beneficial and one harmful way in which microorganisms interact with agricultural crops

All the living things in one area combined with the non-living parts of that environment is a/an:

Question 15 options:

Describe the evidence for descent with modification (evolution) that Darwin presented in his book “The Origin of Species” in 1859. How well was the book received by scientists and the general public?

Describe how changes in the environment can alter expression?

We have discussed three methods of horizontal gene transfer. Correctly match the method with its name.

How does crossing 2 true-breeding individuals show which version of the trait is dominant?

6. Can a genetic mutation sometimes cause someone to grow an extra arm?
__ true
__ false

7. Mutations are the changes to the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an organism?
__ true
__ false

8. Mutations can not be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division?
__ true
__ false

9. Which of these factor(s) are associated with DNA damage?

A. Alkylating agents
B. UV
C. All of these
D. Free Radicals

Which tissues and organs are involved in the immune response, and how does each function.