1. What is the difference between a selection and a screen?
2. How does the bla gene encoding ampicillin resistanceconfer resistance?
3. What is transformation by electroporation? Why is this used in some bacteria?

Most proteins in the axon of a neuron are synthesized in the cell body. Use equations to show the need for active transport mechanisms in a neuron.

Explain three reasons, relating to the chemical structure, that ATP is exergonic.

Please answer all parts.

A)

By binding in the A-site, tetracycline:

• A.

  Prevents the initiator tRNA from binding

• B.

  Prevents the exit of empty tRNAs

• C.

  Prevents the next charged tRNA from binding in the ribosome

B)

If an antibiotic that binds to the E site of the ribosome is added right before translation starts, which one of the statements is TRUE?

• A.

  The end product only has 1 amino acid.

• B.

  Translation would not be affected.

• C.

  The end product only has 2 amino acids.

C)

The diagram below depicts translation as the fourth amino acid is added to the polypeptide chain. In the growing polypeptide chain, which amino acid is colored?   

• A.

  Valine (Val)

• B.

  Methionine (Met)

• C.

  Isoleucine (Ile)

• D.

  Glutamine (Gln)

• E.

  Alanine (Ala)

D)

While the overall process and mechanism of translation is conserved across all living organisms, which of the following statements are true for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• A.

  The 70S ribosomal complex is composed of a large 50S and a small 30S subunit.

• B.

  The 3’ end of the 16S rRNA in the small ribosome subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the 5’ end of mRNA.

• C.

  The translation initiation complex is complete when the start codon (AUG) is positioned in the P site and the initiator tRNA carrying fMet (N-formylmethionine) binds.

• D.

  Peptidyl transferase catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids in the P and A sites, and then the peptide chain moves to the tRNA at the A site.

• E.

  Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases translocate the ribosome by exactly one codon, moving the tRNA with the peptide chain in the A site to the P site.

• F.

  Translation termination occurs when a release factor binds a stop codon (UAG, UGA, UAA) in the A site.

A university called UCLA conducts about 1300 experiments on animals which includes 150000 rodents and 21 nonhuman primates. One day, a scientist from UCLA gets attacked by Animal rights protestors. They burned his car and gave him many threatening letters. In this case, UCLA should take responsibility for scientist safety? How can the university protect the scientist? The government should take responsibility to who conducts animal research? What they can do?

What protective structure allows bacteria from phylum Firmicutes to tolerate extreme conditions such as high temperatures or minimal moisture?

Name two chemicals contained within this structure that aid in the protection of these cells.

6. Describe the general tissue structure that makes up the main body membranes. a). Describe the relationship of these tissues in the function and structure of serous and mucous membranes.

11.) which of the following is a function of the integument?

a.) attract pollinators

b.) protect against animal predation

c.) ensure double fertilization

d.) form a seed coat

12.) which one of the following statements about nitrogen and plant nutrition is FALSE?

a.)some plants are provided with nitrogen by nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in nodules associated within the roots

b.) Nitrogen is a plant micronutrient, plants require very small quantities

c.) plant roots absorb nitrogen in the form of NH4+ and NO3-

d.) organic nitrogen from decomposing organic matter is a converted by ammonifying bacteria into a form of nitrogen that can be...

There are many ongoing research projects that have been conducted that have traced the
individual pathways of nerves in the brain (where they start, where they end, and the path
taken). Considering the analogy of the nerves as highways, is this useful or not? Why?

==

Match the vocabulary word to its definition.

Question 4 options:

Put the following in the order they occur in making urine

Question 3 options:

1. In 1979, the estimated elephant population was 1.3 million and in 2007 it was 640,000. By approximately what percentage did the elephant population decline over this time period? (Show your work.) How does this compare to the change in range over this same time period?

PRE-LAB QUESTIONS

1. Why is cellular respiration necessary for living organisms?
2. Why is fermentation less effective than respiration?
3. What is the purpose of glycolysis?
4. How many ATP molecules are produced in aerobic respiration? How many ATP molecules are produced during fermentation and glycolysis?

Give your own example of how microevolution can happen (include the 4 mechanisms in your answer). What is an adaptation and how is it different from a mutation?

Explain how the defect in the CFTR ion channel results in the disease. Think about osmosis and how this process is important in maintaining the proper water balance in cells