1. How do facilitated transport and active transport differ? How do they look similar?

2. How do simple diffusion and facilitated transport differ? How do they look similar?

3. What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

1.Briefly explain the Central Dogma of Biology.

2.Draw ribose and deoxyribose; label or circle the difference.

3.Draw a nucleotide; label the sugar, phosphate, base.

4.Name the four bases found in DNA; Which are pyrimidines? Which are purines?

5.Which base is found in RNA and not DNA?

6.Briefly explain complementary base pairing. What role do hydrogen bonds play?

7.Draw the basic structure of an amino acid dimer (two amino acids bound together); label an amine, carboxyl, side chainand peptide bond.

8.Define primary and tertiary protein structure. How does the tertiary structure depend on the primary structure?

One of the first steps in comparing the DNA is obtaining DNA from all of the sources and using a specific enzyme to clip the DNA at different sites. What is this class of enzymes that would complete this to compare DNA from different organisms

26.  Complete three and only three of the following:

1. Outline the summary of events in the β-adrenergic receptor signal transduction pathway.2.
2. Define the Cooperativity Index (AKA Saturation Ratio) and review its significance with regard to the function of enzymes and ligand binding proteins.3.
3. Discuss hormonal regulation of glycogen synthesis and breakdown.4
4. Give a summary of hormonal regulation of triglyceride metabolism in adipocytes.5.
5. Discuss the choice of substrate concentrations for enzyme kinetic experiments to determine K_M. To determine V_max.6.
6. Review hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in liver.

Make a scientific classification of the species Macrobiotus shonaicus and define its kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. 3) Define appearance and physical characteristics, distribution and habitat, ecologic importance (e.g. whether the species you choose important in carbon cycle or photosynthesis?) diet, reproduction and life cycle, relationship with human (e.g. is it parasitic or not?)

**new answer needed****

Applying Principles of the Nervous System to Pharmaceutical Research

Imagine you are a student studying for your pharmacy technician certification exam. Your friend is quizzing you over drugs that affect the nervous system.

As a pharmacy technician you may be asked by a customer how a drug works or why they are taking a particular medication. They may be taking many different medications and can’t remember why they take a certain one.

Unit 4 DQ Question: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in the control of mood. Based on this description, predict what types of health conditions Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) could be used to treat.

The world human population in the twentieth century has been increasing exponentially. Speculate on the logical outcome if this rate of growth continues. How could this growth rate be reduced? What ethical issues could be associated with implementation of any “human management” practices?

Fill out the characteristic traits of each order

• What does "ethical" eating mean to you? Does this ever come into play when you make decisions about what to eat? Explain.
• What does "sustainable" eating mean to you? Does this ever come into play when you make decisions about what to eat? Explain.
• Would you make some changes in the way that you eat? Describe.
• Are you concerned about the amount of plastic, Styrofoam, and paper waste that is produced as a result of your eating? Do you have some ideas as far as how you might start to reduce it?
• Is there anything else that you would like to share with us when it comes to your opinions on eating? Just about anything is fair game! (e.g., issues related to meat consumption, sustainable seafood, health, fast food, etc.)

9 starch agar plates have been inoculated with different bacteria in order to see if each bacterial species has amylase to hydrolyze the starch. After incubation, Gram's iodine must be added to see if the results were positive or negative. Before applying the Gram's iodine, the plates are incubated for 48 hours.

What should you expect to happen if you applied the Gram's iodine after 2 hours of incubation instead of the 48 hours and why?

17. A heterotrimeric G-protein that is associated with a G-protein coupled receptor is fully activated when

A. the GDP that is associated with G-protein's alpha subunit is phosphorylated to GTP.

B. the GDP that is associated with the G-protein's alpha subunit is exchanged for a GTP.

C. the alpha subunit associates with the beta and gamma subunits.

A and C

B and C

Bio 101 Lab #8: All activities/questions are to be completed for a grade. Type your answers to these questions into a Microsoft word document titles ‘Lab 8 – Worksheet’.

Laboratory Experiment 8– Fermentation and Cellular Respiration

Topic

Fermentation

Materials / Equipment

You may have to purchase a few items if you don’t have them in your house.

(4) 16oz soda/water bottles; washed clean and dry

(4) Small balloon, all of the same size, but different colors.

            - Make sure to stretch the balloons by hand before using

Measuring cups and teaspoons

Hot tap water

2 packets of ‘Rapid Rise Yeast’ (each packet has about 2 teaspoons)          

White granulate sugar

Table salt

Corn Starch (1 tablespoon to a 1/4c water)

2 feet of string

1 ruler (with millimeters markings)

Background Information:                    

Yeast, a unicellular fungus, is extremely important in the baking and brewery industries because of its fermentation byproducts- carbon dioxide, which causes bread dough to rise, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is found in alcoholic beverages. Unlike many organisms, yeast is capable of metabolizing by both fermentation (anaerobic respiration) and aerobic respiration processes, depending on the presence or absence of oxygen in the yeast’s environment at the time.

Procedure:

1. Write, with a marker, the number 1 on a balloon and a bottle, write a number 2 on the second balloon and on the second bottle, etc, until all balloons have a corresponding bottle with the same number.

2. Stretch your balloons with your hands, so they will easily inflate during the experiment.

3. Prepare all of the dry ingredients (as seen in #4) first and put them in the bottle, then add ¼ cup hot tap water to each bottle and quickly cover the bottles with their corresponding balloon.

4. Prepare your bottles with the dry ingredients:
   1. Bottle #1: a teaspoon of yeast.
   2. Bottle #2: a teaspoon of yeast and a teaspoon of sugar.
   3. Bottle #3: a teaspoon of yeast and a teaspoon of corn starch.
   4. Bottle #4: a teaspoon of yeast, a teaspoon of sugar, and a teaspoon of salt.

5. Add ¼ cup hot tap water to each of the bottles and quickly cover the bottle’s opening with its corresponding balloon.

6. You will be measuring the rate of fermentation by measuring the circumference with string and a ruler every 20min for a total of 80mins using the chart below.

7. Take a least one picture of you and your experiment.

Questions:

1. What gas is produced by fermentation in yeast?

2. Is fermentation in yeast aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

3. Which bottle showed the most gas production at 80 minutes? Why?

4. Which tube(s) showed the least amount of gas production at 80 minutes? Why?

5. What was the purpose of the salt?

6. What do you predict would happen if you:

1. altered the "yeast food" (such as, syrup, honey, etc.)?

2. altered the water temperature ?

c. altered the size of the bottle?

Part II:

1. Watch the Bioflix that in the assignment folder.
2. After you have watch the Bioflix, select the LabBench ‘Cellular Respiration’ activity: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab5/intro.html

Questions:

1. ___ Which of the following is a true statement based on the data?
   1. The amount of oxygen consumed by germinating corn at 22°C is approximately twice the amount of oxygen consumed by germinating corn at 12°C.
   2. The rate of oxygen consumption is the same in both germinating and non-germinating corn during the initial time period from 0 to 5 minutes.
   3. The rate of oxygen consumption in the germinating corn at 12°C at 10minutes is 0.4 ml oxygen per minute.
   4. The rate of oxygen consumption is higher for non-germinating corn at 12°C than at 22°C.
   5. If the experiment were run for 30 minutes, the rate of oxygen consumption would decreas
2. Why?
3. What is the rate oxygen consumption in germinating corn at 12^oC?
   1. 0.08ml/min
   2. 0.04ml/min
   3. 0.8ml/min
   4. 0.4ml/min
   5. 1.00ml/min
4. Why?
   1. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
5. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?
   1. The rate of respiration is higher in non-germinating seeds than in germinating seeds.
   2. Non-germinating peas are not alive, and show no difference in rate of respiration at different temperatures.
   3. The rate of respiration in the germinating seeds would been higher if the experiment were conducted in sunlight.
   4. The rate of respiration increases as the temperature increases in both germinating and non-germinating seeds.
   5. The amount of oxygen consumed could be increased if pea seeds were substituted for cord seeds.
6. Why?
   1. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
7. ___ What is the role of the KOH in this experiment?
   1. It serves as an electron donor to promote cellular respiration
   2. As KOH breaks down, the oxygen needed for cellular respiration is released.
   3. It serves as a temporary energy source for the respiring organism.
   4. It binds with carbon dioxide to form a solid, preventing carbon dioxide production from affecting the gas volume.
   5. Its attraction for water will cause water to enter the respirometer.