PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING IN FULL DETAIL:

1. Is there likely to be a relationship between the level of interspecific variability within a population and extinction risk? If so, please describe the relationship.

2. List two (2) factors that might limit the progress of evolution within a population.

You are presented with 10 millileters of a proteins solution that is at a concentration of 100 millimolars. You dilute the solution by taking 1 microliter of the solution putting it in an empty test tube then add adding 99 ul of buffer for your experiment. What is your final concentration of the peptide solution that is in this test tube.

*The answer key says that the answer is 10^-3 M*

If this is the answer can you please show work. Thank you.

Describe the steps that one should follow when using a tissue processor when performing pre-embedding process in histopathology.

1.Which one of the following steps in elongation is directly dependent on ATP or GTP hydrolysis?

Peptide bond formation

Movement of the ribosome 3 bases toward the 3’ end of the mRNA

Loss of the sigma subunit

Binding of initiator tRNA to appropriate AUG codon

Translation termination

2.In prokaryotes, transcription and translation of a single gene can occur simultaneously. Which one of the following statements most accurately describes why this phenomenon is not observed in eukaryotes?

The machinery for eukaryotic transcription and translation are found in different compartments.
Eukaryotic genes are compacted into heterochromatin.
Eukaryotic mRNAs are monocistronic.
Eukaryotic mRNAs are degraded very rapidly.
Simultaneous transcription and translation does occur in eukaryotes.

1. Are enzyme labels used in qualitative testing, quantitative testing, or both?

2. Name 3 benefits to using enzymes as labels for immunoassay.

3. Give 3 examples of enzymes that are used as labels in colorimetric reactions.

Mendelian Genetics Project: Add imaginary traits to your favorite species (eukaryote only) that are inherited by standard transmission (Mendelian) genetics.

Objectives: Inheritance of genetic information follows certain rules, as illustrated by the principles of alleles that exhibit dominance, recessiveness, incomplete dominance, and codominance. Traits with Mendelian inheritance are expressed in predictable ways and their inheritance can be expressed as probabilities using Punnett squares. To complete this project you are going to choose a favorite eukaryotic species (diploid) and create five imaginary traits that follow the postulates first described by Gregor Mendel.

While you are free to create whatever traits you like you should include five mechanisms of inheritance from the following list as follows: Two traits from the first mechanism, one sex linked trait, the remaining two traits one each of any of the four remaining choices.

            2 Traits defined by dominant and recessive alleles (you must have two of these)

            1 Sex linked trait

            1 Trait with complete dominance, the recessive allele is lethal

            1 Trait with incomplete dominance

            1 Trait with Codominance

            1 Trait with multiple alleles (more than two alleles)

How is a mollusc shell formed? Discuss the creation, formation, and lifetime of the shell. What environmental factors can affect shell growth, shape, longevity? What can molluscs do to combat these environmental pressures?

2. Describe how each of the below cell types contributes to the principle function of the leaf (i.e. gas exchange and light absorption).

a. epidermal cells

b. guard cells

c. palisade mesophyll

d. spongy mesophyll

3. What are the functions of:

a. sepals?

b. petals?

c. stamens?

d. pistil?

e. vascular tissue (veins)

Pollination and seed dispersal

1. Give at least two examples of flower adaptations that ensure pollination.

a.

b.

2. Name three different examples of adaptations that ensure that seeds (fruit) are dispersed from the parent plant.

a.

b.

c.

3. Name a way that the parent plant helps the embryo once it has germinated. (Where do the nutrients come from that the embryo uses until it starts photosynthesizing?)

EVERY species of green plant undergoes alternation of generations. In land plants, the generations look dissimilar. In what other ways are the sporophyte and gametophyte generations dissimilar? List two examples.

1. Like most senses, the neurons that carry that carry the somatic sensations [touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, and proprioception] innervate the ________ as the last stop before reaching the cortex.

2. Like most senses, the neurons that carry that carry the somatic sensations [pain, temperature, and some remaining touch] innervate the ________ as the last stop before reaching the cortex.

3. However, neurons that carry [touch, vibration, two-point discrimination, and proprioception] information innervate the __________ before the thalamus, while neurons that carry the [pain, temperature, and some remaining touch] information pass through it, instead innervating directly to the thalamus after traversing the spinal cord.

Below is the genotype for a partial diploid E.coli strain. Answer the following questions by filling in the blank with either "yes" or "not". Assume that glucose is absent in all situations.

I^-O^cZ⁺Y^-/I⁺O⁺Z^-Y^-

Is functional β-galactosidase produced when lactose is in the cell?

  Is functional β-galactosidase produced when there is no lactose in the cell?

Assume an E. coli cell is in an environment that contains both glucose and lactose. Will the lac operon be fully expressed in these conditions?

Assume an E. coli cell is in an environment that contains both glucose and lactose. Regarding the lac operon, what will be the state of the lac repressor protein?  Choose any that apply.

An operon in E. coli called the Gua operon, encodes proteins responsible for guanine biosynthesis. Two genes, guaA and guaB are under the control of a single promoter and operator, similar to the arrangement in the lac and trp operons. A repressor protein, purR, binds to the operator. Is this a "repressible" or an "inducible" operon?

An operon in E. coli called the Gua operon, encodes proteins responsible for guanine biosynthesis. Two genes, guaA and guaB are under the control of a single promoter and operator, similar to the arrangement in the lac and trp operons. A repressor protein, purR, binds to the operator. In what conditions (high guanine or low guanine) do you suppose this repressor binds to the operator?

  Is functional permease produced when lactose is in the cell?

  Is functional permease produced when there is no lactose in the cell?