Biotechnological methods for gene regulation (control of the amount of protein in eukaryotes and prokaryotes). Two separate keyword lists (Pro/Eu).?

1. A bacterium is inoculated into a medium containing two carbon sources, one of which is the bacterium’s preferred carbon source. The resulting growth curve shows two lag phases. Explain this phenomenon. What is this type of growth called? Include a diagram of what the growth curve would look like and indicate the usage of each carbon source.

2. An experiment is performed in lab in which gene expression profiles are measured during different growth phases. Each growth phase had different gene expression profiles. Explain this result

Problem 2

You cross a true-breeding yellow-bodied, smooth-winged female fly with a true-breeding red-bodied, crinkle-winged male. The red body phenotype is dominant to the yellow body phenotype and smooth wings are dominant to crinkled wings. Use B or b for body color alleles, and W or w for wing surface alleles.

a) What are the genotypes of the P generation flies?

b) What will be the genotype(s) and phenotype(s) of the F1 offspring?

c) You discover that the genes for body color and wing surface are linked. You perform a dihybrid test crossbetween the F1 flies from part (b) with a true-breeding yellow-bodied, crinkle-winged fly. Use the followingF2 results to determine the recombination frequency (%) between the body color and wing surface genes. (Remember that the recombinants are the ones that do not resemble the parental types from the P generation.)

You decide to turn your attention to a different gene, one that controls wing length. This gene has two alleles, "L orl" where long wings are dominant to short wings. Remember that the red body phenotype is dominant to the yellow body phenotype. You again mate two true-breeding flies:

P: red-bodied, short wing male X yellow-bodied, long wing female

F1: All red-bodied, long wing

d) You perform a test cross between the F1 flies above with true-breeding yellow-bodied, short-winged flies. You get the following F2 results. What is the recombination frequency (%) between the genes for body color and winglength?

e) Based on the information in (c) and (d), what are the two possible arrangements of these three genes: bodycolor, wing surface and wing length? Draw two linkage maps to show the possible arrangements of thesegenes and the map distance between genes.

Your friend Anna’s husband Jose has not been feeling well for the past 10 days. He has congestion in his lungs and has been very tired. She talked him into going to the doctor a week ago when his fever was 101.3. The doctor gave him some oral antibiotics, which he took faithfully until it was gone. But she still thinks he still looks sick.
Anna, Jose and there 3-year-old daughter have just moved to Ohio from Arizona. Jose is a park ranger and loves his job, even when it is checking on the local bat populations in nearby caves (bats creep him out). However, for the past three days he has felt too sick to work. His respiratory symptoms have not improved. Anna makes an appointment for him with her doctor.

1) As the physician’s assistant in the office, you are the first to examine Jose. What is your tentative diagnosis based on the history?

2) Which components of the history support your diagnosis?


How should epidemiology play a role in the health policy determinations that affect the application of screening tests? Your initial response should be 250 words in length.

1. When during the primate line did the predominant process of pattern recognition change from a “local bias” to a “global bias”. What were the adaptive pressures that presumably led to the change.

3. A protein that functions as a corepressor for gene expression can modify chromatin structure as well as DNA structure. Describe the modifications that this protein performs, and explain how this affects chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. (3 pts)

There are some light and radiation agents used in Microbiology. A total of five to be exact. Can you identify each agent and its use?

1. What increases the chance of a patient acquiring a Clostridium difficile infection?

2. What is a common first-line and second-line drug used to treat C. difficile?

3. Extra Bonus Point - What does the stool of a C. difficile patient smell like? (I am not kidding, this is a real question)

The fluctuation test performed by Luria and Delbruck is consistent with the random mutation hypothesis.

Complete a brief outline of their experiment.

Rank the steps of the experiment from the first to the last.

1. they split the culture into smaller cultures.

2. they took a large culture of a bacterial strain susceptible to infection by a bacteriophage.

3. they determined how many colonies grew on each plate.

4. they plated samples containing equal numbers of bacteria from the cultures on petri plates containing the bacteriophage.

5. they allowed the cultures to double for multiple generations.

1. Draw a detailed Eukaryotic cell

2. Label the cell and all its structures

3. Write a brief description explaining how 4 organelles (of your choosing) function and how their functions are interconnected.

Is there any overlap between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems? Are there any Immune system components that play a role in both Innate and Adaptive?

A protein you are studying is believed to have a beta barrel secondary structure that consists of several duplicate hydrophobic amino acid sequence repeats. Describe the cell structure you anticipate finding this protein in based on these characteristics

1-Describe features common to the immediate extant ancestors of land plants and discuss how land plants are thought to have evolved.. 100 marks

2. Make brief notes on any two of the following: a) Mosses b) Ferns c) Gymnosperms 100 marks

Propose different mechanisms that could contribute to the regulation of the activity of a receptor. Use Schema and explicit supporting legend.