1. Why does the depth and pattern of breathing vary when preceded by hyperventilation? By rebreathing into and out of a bag?

2.Explain how VC, ERV, and IRV can be used to help diagnose respiratory disorders.

1. Graves' disease is a condition in which some of the body's antibodies mimic the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone and cause over activity of the thyroid gland. what consequences would this have on a patient's overall metabolic rate and their ability to maintain a healthy weight? would you expect someone with Graves' disease to have a higher or lower average core body temperature compared to someone who was unaffected?

2. when fatty acids are metabolized for cellular respiration, the first step involves breaking two carbons at a time off the chain to form of acetyl - CoA. This acetyl- CoA than:

3. Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with:

4. Any organ which helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n):

5. At the corners of each hepatic lobule are three vessels, collectively known as the portal triad. what vessels make up this group?

6. The main part of the stomach is called the:

a 35 year medically fit non-smoking patient presents complaining of a buccal intraoral swelling associated with his lower right posterior teeth. In addition, the patient complains of bleeding gums and wishes to improve the appearance of the gingiva around tooth FDI 23 that clinically has associated class II gingival recession.   Initial clinical examination indicates an intraoral swelling with a draining sinus between teeth FDI 45 and 46, grade I mobility of 46, generalized clinical loss of attachment of 3-4mm and generalized pocketing of 5-6mm with bleeding on probing around all teeth.

question:
1- explain and justify the differential diagnosis.
2- discuss the investigations you would undertake and the findings that you expect, explaining their relevance to the clinical

pathway from large intestine to hepatic vein to the liver to IVC to the heart to the renal artery

“I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know” (Hippocratic Oath).

(a) Explain this statement?

(b) Reflect on your understanding of this statement?

Q:Find and summarize one specific application of IPCSs in bone tissue engineering. Your summary should include scaffold characteristics, scaffold manufacturing technique, development process of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs), how IPSCs response to these scaffolds, differentiation characteristics of IPCSc, how osteogenic differentiation is evaluated and general comments about potential usage of IPSCs in bone tissue engineering applications? Please do not forget to state your reference article or resource. (Note that it could be a tissue engineering text book.)

As we respond to the questions in this thread we will all begin to learn the "whys" of how food passes through the digestive system.

Let's start with a ham and cheese sandwich with lettuce and pickles. As I bite into my sandwich the teeth are present for mastication to begin the process of mechanical digestion and the saliva begins to mix with my food where salivary amylase is present and starts the digestion of the starchy bread. What happens next? (Think about the carbohydrates, proteins and fat in our sandwich)

Let's begin the exploration of the digestive tract.....

Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was “knocked out” when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage, the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm.

You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a “killer headache.” To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following:

2. One way bones are classified is by their shape. How would you classify the bones fractured by Mrs. Morgan (3 points)?

3. The body of Mrs. Morgan’s vertebra is fractured. What type of bone tissue makes up the majority of the vertebral body (1 point)? Describe the structure and function of this type of bone (2 points).

4. The diaphysis of Mrs. Morgan’s humerus is fractured. What type of bone tissue makes up the majority of the diaphysis of long bones like the humerus (1 point)? List and describe/define the layers (lamellae) of bone tissue found here (3 points).

Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was “knocked out” when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage, the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm.

You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a “killer headache.” To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following:

1) fracture of the left humerus at the proximal diaphysis,

2) depressed fracture of the occipital bone,

3) fracture of the 3rd lumbar vertebral body.

Short Answer Questions

Define the following terms, used in the case and also in associated questions (1 point each):

1. hemorrhage
2. fracture
3. proximal
4. diaphysis