Describe all the events (steps) that occur during a cardiac cycle for mammals (organisms with a double circulation), as well as the opening and closing of all heart valves and the signals arising from the SA and AV nodes How does this cycle contribute to metabolic homeostasis for our cells, and what is the purpose of the valves?

Questions

Question 1.

Equation 1: Mean Arterial Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output X Total Peripheral Resistance

   Equation 2: Blood Flow = Δ Blood Pressure / Resistance

If you increase the radius of a blood vessel this leads to a decrease in the resistance to blood flow along that blood vessel. If the difference in blood pressure between the beginning and the end of this blood vessel does not change, then according to equation 2, blood flow should increase.

But, equation 1 suggests that if you decrease resistance then you should decrease blood pressure. According to equation 2, if you decrease blood pressure then blood flow should decrease.

Therefore, there appears to be a conflict between the two equations with a decrease in resistance (equation 2) leading to an increase in blood flow but also leading to a decrease in blood pressure (equation 1) which should, in turn, lead to a decrease in blood flow (equation 2). However, there is no conflict. Think carefully about what the two equations represent and indicate why this apparent conflict does not exist.

1. Explain what is happening at the cellular level (including the cell types involved) in the following events of active adaptive immunity:
   1. Antigen Presentation:
   2. Antigen Detection:
   3. Activation of helper T cells:
   4. Production of antibodies by B cells:

2. Identify and describe how antigens are eliminated following the formation of an antigen-antibody complex using the following mechanisms:
   1. Activation of complement system:
   2. Attraction of phagocytes
   3. Opsonization
   4. Stimulating inflammation
   5. Preventing bacterial or viral adhesion.

4. Hyperkalemia is a dangerous condition that occurs when your blood has too much potassium. It can be caused by taking medications for hypertension. Based on what you know about potassium’s role in the body, explain specifically why high blood potassium is dangerous (2 pts). What hormone is released due to high blood potassium (1 pts)? How is this condition linked to hypertension medications such as ACE inhibitors (2 pts), angiotensin 2 antagonists (2 pts), and renin inhibitors(2 pts)? 1 pts for essay formatting, grammar and spelling.

1. How are ventilation and perfusion matched in animals? What short-term changes occur to balance these two components?

2. Diagram the negative feedback loop for the homeostatic regulation of blood PO2; identify the sensors, integrators, and effectors in this system.

3. What are the critical modulators of respiration in water and air breathing animals? (i.e. what respiratory gas has primary influence on ventilation?)

How do hydrostatic & osmotic pressure combine to determine whether fluid enters or leaves capillaries?

1- Who have been found to be more motivated and successful in their treatment of paraphilic disorders?

None of these are correct.

those who are engaging in high levels of paraphilic behavior

sexual offenders who are mandated by courts to go to therapy

those who seek out therapy on their own

In which culture must a mother engage in sexual intercourse with her son?

Sotho

Burundi

Zulu

Xhosa

those who seek out therapy on their own

An individual who was sexually assaulted fears being alone, with strangers, and even being in his or her bedroom. What stage of rape trauma is this person likely experiencing?

Acute phase

Secondary phase

Recovery phase

Primary phase

Search out the pathophysiology of myesthenia gravis and the reason that it leads to muscle weakness. Then search out possible treatments for the disorder and describe how they work. Try to get beyond the websites that are made for the public and search out the websites/papers that are designed for professionals. Include "mechanism of action"  in your search to help you find more appropriate sources.

Please include a source! It is a necessity!

1. Explain the specific contribution of animal models to the study of humans in science in connection with the theory of evolution.

2. A neurotransmitter released into the synaptic space can bind to postsynaptic receptors. List four other possible scenarios following the release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.

How do things get from the neuronal cell body to the presynaptic terminal, and vice versa? Describe / explain / discuss any molecules and/or cellular structures involved

Describe the role of potassium channels in the neuronal trigger zone.

1. If a product contains 100 calories and 5 grams of fat per serving, what is the percentage of calories from fat in the product?

   	A.	35%
   	B.	45%
   	C.	5%
   	D.	20%

1 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Solid fats generally have a high proportion of what type of fatty acids?

   	A.	Saturated
   	B.	Unsaturated
   	C.	Monounsaturated
   	D.	Polyunsaturated

1 points   

QUESTION 3

1. The lifestyle management techniques recommended by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology include all of the following except:

   	A.	consume a diet with more than 15% of total calories coming from saturated fat.
   	B.	limit intake of sweets and sugar-sweetened beverages.
   	C.	include low-fat dairy and nontropical vegetable oils.
   	D.	consume a diet that emphasizes fruits and vegetables.

1 points   

QUESTION 4

1. When should athletes consume a high-fat diet (approximately 60% to 70% of total calories)?

   	A.	During the 2 weeks leading up to an important training session/competition.
   	B.	During a single meal immediately prior to training/competition.
   	C.	Athletes should avoid consuming high-fat diets.
   	D.	During the 2 months leading up to an important training session/competition.

1 points   

QUESTION 5

1. Which of the following converts fats into energy?

   	A.	The phosphagen system
   	B.	The anaerobic system
   	C.	The aerobic system
   	D.	Transamination

1 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

   	A.	Corn oil
   	B.	Cashew nuts
   	C.	Unsalted butter
   	D.	All of these are correct.

1 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Which of the following is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for fats?

   	A.	15%–35%
   	B.	10%–30%
   	C.	25%–40%
   	D.	20%–35%

1 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Which of the following lipoproteins delivers cholesterol to the cells of the body for a variety of functions?

   	A.	HDL
   	B.	LDL
   	C.	ACC
   	D.	Triglycerides

1 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Which of the following statements is true?

   	A.	Fatty meals empty more rapidly from the stomach than high-carbohydrate meals.
   	B.	In foods, fats add taste and contribute to satiety.
   	C.	Liquid oils can be made into solid fats by the process of emulsification.
   	D.	Food fat is not a source of essential nutrients.

1 points   

QUESTION 10

1. Which of the following types of blood cholesterol are considered protective against cardiovascular disease?

   	A.	LDL
   	B.	VLDL
   	C.	Total cholesterol
   	D.	HDL

You are a researcher interested in studying Schwann cell development. It is known from prior work that Schwann cells express the protein Sox10. You decide to create a transgenic fish line to label the Schwann cells. Explain how you would create the transgenic embryos. Be as detailed as possible.

SCHOOL: Medicine and Health Sciences.

DEPARTMENT: Public Health –Human Nutrition and Dietetics.

COURSE TITLE: FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE.

ASSIGNMENT:

Instructions: Due on 1/03/2020.                                                                             

Assignments Submitted late will NOT be marked.

1. Discuss the Role of NEMA in waste management in Kenya
   2. Describe all measures you would take to ensure safety of fresh fish from Lake Turkana before eating it for super in your house.

part 1)

What are the functions of the following organelles? (mitochondria, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, centrioles, and cilia/flagella)

What is cell transport?

part2)

What are the two types of cell transport? How are they similar? How are they different?