paste a picture of the model of lungs you built at home or took from the internet and label what equivalent part of the respiratory system each of the parts of your model represents. Then briefly describe how your model can be used to explain ventilation referring to the volume and pressure changes required and mimicked in your model. State the gas law(s) that apply to ventilation. If you did not build your own model – insert a picture from either a website that explains how to build the lung model (reference the web site!), or use the picture provided in prac manual 3 to label the components of the model.

For the following hypothetical situations make a prediction about potential functional impact for the individual:

Gallbladder removal

Hyposecretion of secretin

Vagotomy (severing of the vagus nerve) proximal to the stomach

Lack of receptors for leptin on cells of the body

Propose a metabolic reaction which would illustrate a positive feedback mechanism. Be sure to address the relationship between molecules in the reaction (substrate, product, enzyme, etc) and how the reaction would be both perpetuated, and eventually terminated.

Recall how H+ and CO2 relate to the ventilatory threshold. How is this impacted by endurance training?

Please explain how H+ and CO2 are impacted with the ventilatory threshold from endurance training.

Thanks

1. Why does the depth and pattern of breathing vary when preceded by hyperventilation? By rebreathing into and out of a bag?

2.Explain how VC, ERV, and IRV can be used to help diagnose respiratory disorders.

1. Graves' disease is a condition in which some of the body's antibodies mimic the function of thyroid-stimulating hormone and cause over activity of the thyroid gland. what consequences would this have on a patient's overall metabolic rate and their ability to maintain a healthy weight? would you expect someone with Graves' disease to have a higher or lower average core body temperature compared to someone who was unaffected?

2. when fatty acids are metabolized for cellular respiration, the first step involves breaking two carbons at a time off the chain to form of acetyl - CoA. This acetyl- CoA than:

3. Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with:

4. Any organ which helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n):

5. At the corners of each hepatic lobule are three vessels, collectively known as the portal triad. what vessels make up this group?

6. The main part of the stomach is called the:

a 35 year medically fit non-smoking patient presents complaining of a buccal intraoral swelling associated with his lower right posterior teeth. In addition, the patient complains of bleeding gums and wishes to improve the appearance of the gingiva around tooth FDI 23 that clinically has associated class II gingival recession.   Initial clinical examination indicates an intraoral swelling with a draining sinus between teeth FDI 45 and 46, grade I mobility of 46, generalized clinical loss of attachment of 3-4mm and generalized pocketing of 5-6mm with bleeding on probing around all teeth.

question:
1- explain and justify the differential diagnosis.
2- discuss the investigations you would undertake and the findings that you expect, explaining their relevance to the clinical

pathway from large intestine to hepatic vein to the liver to IVC to the heart to the renal artery

“I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know” (Hippocratic Oath).

(a) Explain this statement?

(b) Reflect on your understanding of this statement?

Q:Find and summarize one specific application of IPCSs in bone tissue engineering. Your summary should include scaffold characteristics, scaffold manufacturing technique, development process of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (IPSCs), how IPSCs response to these scaffolds, differentiation characteristics of IPCSc, how osteogenic differentiation is evaluated and general comments about potential usage of IPSCs in bone tissue engineering applications? Please do not forget to state your reference article or resource. (Note that it could be a tissue engineering text book.)