Construct a visual aid that integrates the concepts covered in our discussions on Nutrient Assimilation in animals (digestion and absorption of all three macromolecules)

Summaries should include at a minimum (but are not limited to these concepts and ideas):

o the three major food macromolecules; make sure you include their monomer and polymer structures.

o How each are enzymatically digested (including the enzymes involved and where the enzymes are active or activated)

o How digested monomers and compounds are absorbed (make sure to specifically describe the transport processes)

o The alimentary structures and/or locations where these processes occur

Mycorrhizae are the mutualistic partnership between fungi and the roots of certain plants. TRUE OR FALSE

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

• carbon dioxide (CO₂₎

• sulfur dioxide (SO₂)

• methane (CH₄)

• ammonia (NH₄⁺)

• All of these choices are correct.

Bacillus thuringiensis produces

• a toxin that causes food poisoning.

• a biopesticide.

• enzymes used in cheese-making.

• a single cell protein used as food.

• All of these choices are correct.

Hops is the herb that gives beer some of its aroma and flavor. TRUE OR FALSE

1. A.  True/False :  If I have a large number of Type I muscle fibers, I should excel in explosive events such as sprinting and high jumping.

B. True/False : During a muscle contraction, the cross-bridge between actin and myosin is released by ATP.

C. Fill in the blank : When a muscle is relaxed, calcium levels are high in the ____________. (sarcoplasm or sarcoplasmic reticulum)

D. Fill in the blank : The ___________ energy pathway makes large amounts of ATP, and does not result in the build-up of lactic acid.

1) Give two mechanisms by which new genes are introduced into a genome

2) in 20 words or less describe a "dominant-negative" mutation

3) explain the differences between an activator and inducer

If you were going to present the problems of environmental policy making and enforcement to others, what framework would you use?

Provide a visual diagram/drawing (with arrows & brief descriptions) of what happens if toxic waste (solid and liquid) is accidentally dumped and leached into the Zanker Recycling Facility in Alviso, CA (10 points)? For example, how do leachates recycle and affect the wildlife & people that live near the landfill? What about any groundwater under the facility? Also, list three federal acts administered by the US EPA that are in place to minimize and or regulate potential environmental damage to the natural resources. Provide support for each statement.

Which of the following will increase renal filtration i.) decreasing the radius of the afferent arteriole ii.) increasing the radius of the afferent arteriole iii.) decreasing the radius of the efferent arteriole iv.) increasing the radius of the efferent arteriole v.) increasing the blood pressure vi.) decreasing the blood pressure. A.) i, iv and v B.) ii, iii and v C.) ii, iv and vi D.) i, iii and vi E.) ii, iii and vi

Genome sequences are useful to search DNA databases. Proteomics on the other hand is searchable protein sequence data that allows for comparison within and between species. However, protein expression by an organism changes during growth, disease, and the death of cells and tissues. Compare DNA genome and proteome analysis as resources to understand gene regulation. What comparisons can be made to understand gene expression and protein synthesis at various stages of an organisms life cycle?

For questions 2 – 5, identify which of the three instruments (50 mL beaker, 10 mL graduated cylinder, or 100 mL graduated cylinder) you would use to measure the indicated quantities:

2. 95 mL of water

3. 4 mL of alcohol

4. 150 mL of salt water

5. 9.4 mL of hydrogen cyanide

6. What is a meniscus? How is the meniscus used for identification of volumetric measurements?

What is TRUE about the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells?

Does not require modification of junction complexes between cells

Is a characteristic of benign tumors

Occurs at an early stage of carcinogenesis

Requires that cells undergo massive cytoskeletal rearrangements

Is the least serious aspect of cancer from a health perspective

PLEASE BE AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE. THE PRECISE DETAILS ARE REALLY IMPORTANT IN THIS QUESTION. IT IS A 10 POINT QUESTION THAT I AM REALLY STUCK ON.

PLEASE PROVIDE EXAMPLES

Modern ecology was born into a science upon the realization that human activities were negatively affecting Earth’s ecosystems and while the ocean was once thought to be too vast to be impacted we now know that is not true. Is there value in asking ecological questions without considering human interactions? Support your argument by discussing three topics

Amphibians were the first tetrapods, list all of the evolutionary milestones that first appear in amphibians. Describe in depth ways amphibians are similar to boney fish.

PLEASE BE AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE. THE PRECISE DETAILS ARE REALLY IMPORTANT IN THIS QUESTION. IT IS A 10 POINT QUESTION THAT I AM REALLY STUCK ON.

PLEASE PROVIDE EXAMPLES

Describe and explain (think mechanisms here – why not other locations?) the general distribution across depth and latitude of coral reefs, seagrass meadows, kelp forests, and salt marshes in the world oceans. How might climate change impact these distributions?

Which of the following statements about heterotrimeric G proteins is FALSE.

Upon activation by a G-protein coupled receptor, the G-protein usually breaks into two complexes, each of which can activate target proteins.

The α subunit is bound to GTP when the protein is in the inactive state

The activated a subunit switches itself off by hydrolyzing its bound GTP

G-proteins can activate membrane-bound enzymes and ion channels

Once activated by a receptor, the α subunit can dissociate from the receptor

Binding of a signal to the receptor tyrosine kinase DIRECTLY, initially causes: