1.In terms of primer design, what can be done (at least in the case of most genes) to ensure that any amplification of contaminating genomic DNA is not mistaken for amplification of cDNA in RT-PCR reactions? Explain why this works.
b.What properties make actin a suitable housekeeping gene for expression analysis? What is another example of a housekeeping gene?
c.Eukaryotic cells contain several classes of RNA, of which messenger RNA (mRNA) is just one. What are these classes of RNA and what proportion of the total RNA does each of them typically comprise?
2.. From what source were reverse transcriptases originally obtained from ? (now they are made recombinantly)? Briefly describe the process of reverse transcription.
In: Biology
What are some of the roles that tool use and climate change may have played in shaping the adaptive flexibility and evolutionary success of H. habilis relative to australopithecines living at the same time? How might modern climate change and the development of technology influence human adaptive flexibility and our evolutionary future?
In: Biology
nvestigation of Factors Affecting the Rate of Diffusion
In addition to the concentration gradient (i.e. the difference in the concentration of particles between two environments) there are many other factors known to affect the rate of diffusion including;
temperature
the size of the diffusing particles
the viscosity of the medium through which the particles move
The purpose of this exercise is for you to work in groups to design experiments to test two of the factors listed above. You will be provided with access to the materials described below including;
0.5% malachite green (mw 927.1)
1% potassium permanganate (mw 158.04)
0.5% potassium permanganate
1% agar plates (maximum of 2 per group)
2% agar plates (maximum of 2 per group)
plastic straws that could create uniform wells in the agar
discs of paper and forceps
pipettes (to dispense small volumes of solutions)
crushed ice and zip lock baggies
State your hypotheses and describe your experimental designs in the spaces below and then discuss these with your instructor/TA before continuing. Be sure you have considered appropriate controls, the number of replicates you intend to run and what data you are going to collect.
Hypothesis #1 (1 mark)
Experimental Design #1 (1 mark)
Hypothesis #2 (1 mark)
Experimental Design #2 (1 mark)
In: Biology
What are some of the things that led to the classification of the Homo genus? In other words, how does Homo differ from Australopithecus/Paranthropus?
In: Biology
Q1.
a. Dynamic changes in chromatin organization and the management
of individual linear chromosomes mark key
activities of the different stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle and
cellular reproduction. Describe how chromatin
amount and structure vary throughout the cell cycle, and how
management of individual chromosomes varies
between mitosis and meiosis to produce the different outcomes of
these processes.
b. RNA is often considered to be a more versatile macromolecule
than DNA. Discuss the different roles of RNA
in eukaryotes.
In: Biology
Defend or criticize the statement “There is a gene for every behavior” ?
In: Biology
Molecular Biology
Can you tell me what the difference between the functions of emsa/dna footprinting and chip-seq/chip-chip
In: Biology
Computational methods can be applied at the early stages of the drug design process. It is use current technology to provide valuable insights into the understanding of chemical system in a virtual manner. By integrating the TWO (2) computational methods; molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, explain how these TWO (2) methods can be integrated in computational drug design.
Long answer in essay form for 25 Marks
In: Biology
In: Biology
1. Which of the following biomes is likely to have the longest food chains?
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Tundra |
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Boreal forest/Taiga |
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Temperate deciduous forest |
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Open ocean |
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Desert |
2. A key difference between the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles is
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carbon dioxide dissolves more readily in oceans than nitrogen |
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phosphorus enters the biosphere primarily through soil rather than air and is less renewable than carbon dioxide or nitrogen |
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most nitrogen in the atmosphere is in a readily usable form whereas carbon in the air is hard to use |
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carbon is more abundant in the air than nitrogen and phosphorus combined |
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the carbon cycle is strongly affected by human activity while the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles are unaltered |
3.
For which of the following organisms is the carrying capacity of the environment likely to be greatest
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primary producer |
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primary consumer |
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secondary consumer |
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tertiary consumer |
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secondary detritivores |
4.
The biome contributing most to earth's total net primary productivity is
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tropical rainforest |
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boreal forest |
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temperate deciduous forest |
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algal bed and reef |
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open ocean photic zone |
In: Biology
I have a 5 minute presentation on " Health benefits of Polyunsaturated fatty acids." what shall I talk about ?
In: Biology
B cells are activated by CD4 TH2 cells only if both cell types recognize the same antigen. The same epitope, however, does not need to be shared for recognition.
1. Discuss why this characteristic is important in vaccine design.
2. Provide an example of a conjugate vaccine used to stimulate the synthesis of IgG antibody against Haemophilus influenzae B polysaccharide.
In: Biology
How are monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides structurally different from one another?
In: Biology
how do you do a plate count/serial dilution problem?
In: Biology