Imagine a scenario is which 52 protons are pumped across the membrane of the inner mitochondrial...

Imagine a scenario is which 52 protons are pumped across the membrane of the inner mitochondrial membrane. If you assume that the glycerol-phosphate shuttle is used, and the overall yield of substrate-level phosphorylations is 3, a. What specific starting molecule in the metabolic pathways we studied would you start with to give such a yield of pumped protons and substrate level phosphorylations? b. At what specific reactions (give the reaction, not just a “number”) in the metabolic pathways would you yield electron carriers (and what “type”), and how many of each of the electron carriers would you make to give the total of 52 protons? c. Describe what role the electrons play and describe the general movement of the electrons through the electron transport chain to the final electron acceptor. d. What would the effect of adding dinitrophenol (DNP) be on the electron transport chain? Be specific. e. How many total ATP would be made under aerobic conditions starting at the molecule you determined? f. Finally, how many protons would be pumped from your starting molecule under anaerobic conditions and why?

Solutions

Expert Solution

A) The passage of electrons between donor and acceptor releases energy which generates proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by pumping protons into inner membrane. In this the ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation.

B) In electron transport chain the electron carriers are NADH+ and FADH2 by a cell during cellular respiration. When FAD reacts with two hydrogen atoms it can forms into FADH2.During this they transfer energy in the form of glucose. So an electron carrier is needed.By using this energy from glucose is converted into ATP.

C)The ETC is a series of complex that transfer electrons from donors to the acceptors through redox reactions.In this the electron get transfer from the transfer of protons across a membrane. The molecule of chain includes peptides, enzymes, and others.

D) DNP acts as protonophore,that allowing protons to leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane thus bypass the ATP synthease.This effects ATP energy production less. This effects the part of energy that is produced from cellular respiration is wasted as heat.

F) In all 2molecules of NADH2 and 2molecules of FADH2 and a two molecules of ATP is generated.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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