Compare and contrast feautures across phylum:

Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, Mollusca, Annelida, Blastocoelomates (Phylums Rotifera, Nematode, Entoprocta), Arthropoda (Phylums Tardigrade, Onycophora), Echinoderms, Locophore (Phylums Phoronida, Ectoprocta, Branchiopoda), Protochordates (Phylums Hemichordate, Chordata)

What are the big issues related to their convergent evolution, solutions to the problem of their body plan?

What are their forms of development?

Diagram each phylum's water flow. C

ompare and contrast features across Phylums: circulatory system, gas exchange, feeding, syncytial or not, ciliated or not (in short)

Thank yoooou!

19) Core Concept: Information Flow- Explain how information from DNA results in the synthesis of a protein. Explain how information in the environment ultimately results in changes to gene expression.

20) Explain the steps in DNA recombinant technology (FROM GFP LAB). Include restriction enzymes, plasmids, heat shock, transformation and names of any enzyme that is needed in your answer.

21) Explain the purpose and/or what is happening at any step in the GFP lab protocols.

22) Predict how defects in the regulation of cell-cycle checkpoints would affect cells and explain how these defects relate to uncontrolled division in cancer and cancer progression.

DNA mutations can occur in a variety of ways. Choose one of the ways that DNA mutations can occur that you are learning about this week, identify and briefly describe it.

Then, choose a genetic mutation (it can be from your textbook, one you are aware of, or one you learn about through your research of this topic), and describe the type of mutation that it involves.

Consider if it affects the ability of the organism to produce proteins correctly, if it alters part or an entire chromosome, etc. Provide a picture of a karyotype or subject with this mutation (use of internet photos is fine, but remember to give credit to the photographer/illustrator). It can affect humans, animals, plants, bacteria - there are lots of different kinds!

Discuss with your classmates potential practical effects that one might see with this mutation, versus others. Please be sure to review your posts for accuracy in the discussion of these mutations (keep in mind that opinions and blogs do not always provide factual information, try to rely on journal articles and peer reviewed scientific research).

De, A., Sen, S., Flora, C., Ibrahim, J., and Zauk, A. (2008). Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome in a Patient with Klinefelter Syndrome. The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology, 10(2), 1-4. http://ispub.com/IJPN/10/2/7555

Describe two modern technological advances in genomics research and give an example of how they could be used in research to solve a problem

For each of the following statements, indicate whether it is true of all, some, or none of the various kinds of peroxisomes. Please first answer the question, then provide an explanation. I would appreciate it if you could type the answer and handwriting is often difficult to read.

5. Contains peroxide-generating chemical reactions.
a. It is true of all, because it is general property of peroxisomes.
b. It is true of glyoxysomes and some animal peroxisomes, because only they contain peroxide-generating chemical reactions.
c. It is true of none of the peroxisome kinds.

6. Contains the genes coding for luciferase.
a. It is true of all because all peroxisomes contain the genes coding for luciferase.
b. It is true of glyoxysomes and some animal peroxisomes, because only they contain the genes coding for luciferase.
c. It is true of none of the kinds, because fireflies and related bioluminescent organisms have luciferase protein present in their peroxisomes but DNA is not found in this organelle.

7. Contains urate oxidase.
a. It is true of all because all peroxisomes contain urate oxidase.
b. It is true of many animal peroxisomes and in some plant peroxisomes.
c. It is true of none of the peroxisome kinds.

8. Is a source of dolichol.
a. It is true of all because all peroxisomes are a source of as much as 50% of the dolichol found in cells.
b. It is true of glyoxysomes and some animal peroxisomes, because only they are source of dolichol.
c. It is true of none of the peroxisome kinds.

9. Is surrounded by a lipid bilayer.
a. It is true of all, because it is general property of peroxisomes.
b. It is true of glyoxysomes and some animal peroxisomes, because only they are surrounded by a lipid bilayer.
c. It is true of none of the peroxisome kinds.

2. Do carbohydrates cross easily a phospholipid membrane?

3. What type of chemical bond maintains the carbon tail of lipids together?

4. A biotechnology company asks you to attach a monosaccharide to a lipid. Which is the best way (which atoms?) to link the molecules together?

In the guide RNA, is there greater stringency for homology at the 5’ or 3’ end of the RNA?

Where, precisely, does the CRISPR/Cas9 system digest the target DNA?

What class of enzyme is Cas9

Name two other gene editing systems that are distinct from CRISPR/Cas. Give one reason why the CRISPR/Cas9 system is preferred by 9 out of 10 scientists that recommend editing genomes?

How many different types of CRISPR/Cas systems are there in bacteria and archaea?

Determine the number of net ATPs produced in the following
situations. Assume that each NADH and FADH2 enter the STE. Be careful, sometimes not
is ATP what you want to determine

Show your calculations and strategies to get the corresponding number.
_______________1. Number of NADH if seven acetyl Co-A molecules enter Krebs.
_______________2. Two molecules of glucose-phosphate enter into glycolysis to produce
pyruvate.
_______________3. Three molecules of glucose in a cell treated with cyanide.
_______________4. Seven molecules of glucose in a yeast under aerobic conditions.
_______________5. Two glucose molecules where hexokinase has been mutated and is not
functional.

What can cause a phenol red indicator of carbohydrate fermentation to give a false positive with gas?

I heavily incubated my organism in the test tube and it is producing a huge gas bubble in the Durham tube and a clear yellow (acid) color. I incubated my tube at my organism's optimism growth conditions (oxygen and temperature wise) for 48 hrs exactly.. i was supposed to get a red no gas result ( -) what might have gone wrong?

17) Provide at least three ways the Central Dogma (aka “gene expression”) is different in eukaryotes versus prokaryotes and items that are conserved in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

18) Describe, in detail, the two ways environmental signals promote a cellular response. Include how a cell receives a signal, how it is subsequently processed, and what cellular process is targeted in order to generate the “cellular response”) Draw and/or identify the status of the lac operon in a given set of environmental conditions and/or cell mutations.

how information from DNA results in the synthesis of a protein. Explain how information in the environment ultimately results in changes to gene expression.

1. Did water move into the cell or out of the cell while it was surrounded by hypotonic solution?
2. In which direction did the water move through the cell membrane when the cell was surrounded by the hypertonic solution?
3. Compare and contrast what happens to an animal, a plant, and a paramecium cell in a hypotonic, an isotonic, and a hypertonic solution?
4. Could Elodea or paramecium from a freshwater lake be expected to survive if transplanted into the ocean? Explain.
5. If you were to grill a steak, would it better to put salt on it before or after you cooked it? Explain why, in terms of osmosis.
6. Why does salad become soggy and wilted when the dressing has been on it for a while? Explain why, in terms of osmosis.
7. An effective way to kill weeds is to pour salt water on the ground around the plants. Explain why the weeds die, using the principles discovered in this virtual lab.

how a person's life can changed after they are diagnosed with HIV?
how to prevent this disease?
are they enough medicines avaiable in USA to help people with AIDS?

4) Diploblast marine animals with radial symmetry, mouth surrounded by tentacles covered with stinging cells (cnidocytes) with microscopic harpoons that paralyze prey belong to the phylum ____________

5) This very old animal phylum groups filter-feeding organisms whose bodies are covered with pores. They exhibit cell level of organization, and asymmetrical bodies:

6) The first group of triploblast animals with cephalization and a bilateral body symmetry belongs to the phylum __________________ .

7) Animals in the phylum ____________________ were the first to have a complete gut tube with two openings, mouth and anus. There are free-living and very abundant forms, and also parasitic forms that cause diseases to man and other vertebrates.

8) All worms with segmented body belong to the phylum ____________________.

9) Animals with soft slime body, with or without shell, are classified within this vey diverse phylum:

10) Indicate the name of the phylum and class of insects, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and millipedes. How many known species are classified in this phylum?

11) What characteristic of sea urchins is shared with chordates making these marine animals the closest relatives to vertebrates?

12) What characteristic of the body of adult sea urchins is shared with cnidarians? 13) Describe the defining characteristics of chordates.
14) Describe the defining characteristics of the sub-phylum Vertebrata.
15) List the classes of vertebrates and their defining characteristics.

16) How many living species of vertebrates have been described?

Give an example of a molecular diagnostic test used to determine.

Your answer will include the disease, the gene assessed, the change being detected and how treatment or choice of further testing may be altered in light of the test results.

Cancer mechanisms – changes in endocrine/chemo therapy Karyotyping - FISH

Duchenne and MLPA assessment