BIO&160 QUESTIONS:

2. Why do we say "all the oxygen we breathe comes from the splitting of water?" Explain in your own words.

Complete the last coloumn and state why these reactions occured. For example, in tube 3, there was a larger gas bubble because there was a presence of magnesium ions which meant the enzyme elonase was able to function.

BIO&160 Questions:

2. What is the connection between photosynthesis and rising CO2 levels and climate change? Why do climate researchers study photosynthesis rates to make their predictive models about climate change?

Q5.  Aquaporins are water channels that allow rapid transport across cell membrane. You are interested in the role that these channels play in cerebral edema (brain swelling) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This channel is expressed on a type of cell in the brain called an astrocyte which is responsive to osmotic pressure and helps regulate fluid balance in the nervous system.

A) Describe what happens to astrocytes when they are placed in i) hypertonic solution and ii) hypotonic solution. How might each of these conditions impact the activity of the aquaporins?

B) you are interested in designing a drug to block aquaporins after chronic TBI. Based on the structure of the channel what structural and chemical properties would be important to block channel activity (BE SPECIFIC).

1. In a paragraph, what are the major steps performed during next generation sequencing of DNA? How do these steps differ in the Illumina platform as compared to the Roche 454 platform?

2. In a paragraph, describe the major steps performed during DNA sequencing by the Pacific Biosciences, as well as the Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technologies.

3. In a paragraph, describe the major advantages and disadvantages of each DNA sequencing platform.

Define “epidemiology” and briefly discuss three key developments in epidemiology from Snow until the present. How do the terms “epidemic” and “pandemic” relate to and differ from each other? Identify and discuss a recent example of epidemic and pandemic. You must cite and reference at least one scholarly source in APA.

This is a question for my biochemistry class. I have copied and pasted it below. This is all that was given to me.

Diagram the flow of genetic material in a cell.

Anthony was a normal, full-term baby at birth. Beginning at about 8 months of age, he suffered from a series of infections such as sinusitis, otitis media, and pneumonia. All of these conditions were successfully treated with antibiotics, but within a few weeks of the resolution of one infection, another would occur. Now at about three years old, Anthony is examined by a pediatrician who notes that he lacks tonsils. After speaking to Anthony’s mother, she reveals that she had a male relative die at infancy from an infectious disease. The pediatrician orders laboratory tests that reveal that the quantity of immunoglobulin in Anthony’s serum is about one-fifth of normal, and that there is a marked deficiency in the number of circulating B-lymphocytes in his blood. However, tests determine that the functional state of Anthony’s T-lymphocytes are all normal. The doctor diagnosis Anthony with a genetic disorder.

1. What genetic disorder does Anthony have?

2. What is the cause of this genetic disorder?

3. Why did Anthony lack tonsils?

4. What treatment(s) will Anthony need and for how long?

5. Explain why Anthony was free of infections in the first 8 months of life.

6. The infections that Anthony had are mostly caused by bacteria. Explain why he was more prone to bacterial infections than viral infections.

A plastid is an organelle found in many eukaryote cells. Would you expect the plastid DNA of photosynthetic dinoflagellates, diatoms, and golden algae to be more similar to the nuclear DNA of plants (domain Eukarya) or to the chromosomal DNA of cyanobacteria (domain Bacteria)? Explain

The late paleontologist Steven Jay Gould proposed the following thought experiment, imagine you could “rewind the tape” back to immediately after the first life appeared on the Earth. Further, assume that the physical ABOTIC events of history did not change, in other words, Earth experienced the same volcanic eruptions, the same asteroid strikes, and so forth. Given this scenario, do you believe we would end up with very similar life forms to what we observe today, or would life forms be fundamentally different?

With respect to PSII activity, what is the difference between specific activity and total activity ?

If the Citric Acid cycle was altered such that no NADH molecules were generated from the oxidation of acetyl CoA but instead FADH2 molecules were generated, how would this affect the number of ATP molecules generated from a molecule of glucose? Briefly explain your answer.

1. A researcher wants to clone genes using recombinant gene technology as part of a genome sequencing project. There are eight steps below. First, cross out the two steps that are not part of this process. Then, put the remaining six steps in the correct order.

A Insert recombinant plasmid into bacterium.

B Cut the genome into fragments using restriction enzymes.

C Determine activity using laser.

D Use DNA Ligase.

E Make cDNA using reverse transcriptase.

F Grow bacteria and add clone to genomic library.

G Cut bacterial plasmids with restriction enzymes.

H Combine DNA fragments and cut plasmid DNA.

What is the Ramachandran plot and how are the bond angles used to understand protein structure?

1:in ehich ecosystem, southern live oak woodland or chaparral, do you expect to have more mammal species? why?

2:in ehich of the two ecosystem do you expect the number of total individual animals to be more than the other one? why?

3:how do you conpare the umber of primary consumers and higher level consumers in each of these ecosystems?

4:how do your findings relate the principle of ecology of these ecosystems and how is the body size imprtant answering this question?

thank you.