In: Biology
Provide a brief description/explanation about any of the 4 questions:
n) Characteristics of Phylum Chordata. Closest inverebrate related phyla.
o) Early chordate evolution in terms of Hox genes.
p) Evolution of land based tetrapods in terms of Gnasthostomes that have limbs.
Q) Qstiechthyans and land based tetrapods.
R) Features making amphibians sensitive to environmental changes.
S) Amniotic eggs with non amniotic eggs; Adault amniote and aphibian venitlation.
T) Derived characteristics that separate reptiles from other tetrapods.
U) Derived characters of birds; factors related to their emergence.
V) Derived characters of mammals; factors related to their emergence.
W) Evolution of humans Sahelanthropus to Homo habilis; Note basic mechanisms of evolution.
X) Evolution of humans from Homo habilis to Homo sapiens; Note basic mechanics of evolution.
Answer :
N) chordata :
1) has notochord which is a hollow dorsal nerve chord.
2) has pharyngeal sits and endostyle
3)has post anal tail
The echinoderms are the closest related invertebrates phylum to the chordate phylum.
Answer O)
Chordate homeobox genes belongs to the Hox gene class. Hox genes are developmentaly important genes. Hox genes control axial patterning during embryonic development of animal. The increasing number of vertebrate evolution is also because of the presence of Hox gene.
Answer R) sensitivity of amphibians to environmental change
a) amphibians breath through their skin
b) they don't have a protective outer layer.
C) they are also known as indicator animals.
Answer S)
Amniotic eggs are evolutionary separation between amphibians and reptiles.
It has series of fluid membrane. The embryo is suspended by amniotic fluid and surround by a membrane called amnion.
Non amniotic eggs are amphibian eggs consists of series of jelly like layers that protects the embryo which is surrounded by vitelline membrane. It does not have amnion.