3. A. For what suspected disease(s) would the acid-fast stain be performed? B. Why is the acid-fast stain necessary to stain the etiologic agents of that/those disease(s)? 1point

4. Juan is a new lab tech who needs to inoculate agar slants that students will be using to make endospore stain smears. He inoculates the tubes on Monday for a lab the following day. Did the students find endospores on their slides? Explain why or why not. 1 point

5. After inoculating with her unknown, Letitia’s Phenyl Red Glucose, Lactose, and Sucrose tubes are all yellow. Her TSI tube results are K/H2S. The EMB plate result is +/+. Do all results agree? Explain why, or why not. Be thorough! 1 point

1. Virulence factors are those attributes of microorganisms that enable them to cause damage in a host. Some bacteria produce hemolysins. Explain what hemolysins are, and indicate whether they would be classified as virulence factors. Explain why, or why not. 1 point

2. Earl says that his unknown is an anaerobe, because results of his thioglycollate tube indicate the organism is a facultative anaerobe. A. Explain how a thioglycolate tube can determine aerotolerance. B. Explain what a facultative anaerobe is, and comment on Earl’s conclusion. 1 point

Describe 3 mechanism by which the calcium increase from high-frequency stimulation can lead to a strengthened synapse.

Name and describe (please describe)  5 threats to biodiversity of herps and name three things you could do to reduce them? (of course the challenge is always the inconvenience of sticking to principles)

You are screening units for an Rh positive patient who has an antibody. The hematologist has requested units with identical Rh genotypes. The patient has the following results with Rh typing sera: DCe/dCE.

1. What Rh antibody might this patient have?

2. How many units would you need to screen to obtain 2 compatible units?

Any text/video references where I can better understand this subject are much appreciated!

Which of the following ferments lactose quickly?

Select one: a. Klebsiella b. Brucella c. Moraxella d. Helicobacter pylori

1. Male whitetail deer produce antlers every year and then shed them after the breeding season. Discuss the trade-offs in this cycle.  

2. You Work with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. You have been called to a remote area of Uganda to study a mysterious disease that is causing respiratory ailments in a small village. You isolated a bacterium from several patients that seems like a good candidate for the pathogen. How can you determine whether this bacterium is causing the illness?   

Gymnosperms such as Pine Trees have:

1. Flowers that attract pollinators
2. Only one kind of cone, which are male
3. Both male and female cones

2. Which of these is a Eudicot?

1. Cactus
2. Palm Tree
3. Lily
4. Most Grasses

3. In plants, what is the advantage of sexual reproduction (instead of asexual reproduction)?

1. It can happen out of water
2. It creates more nutrient molecules for the developing embryo
3. It produces genetic diversity
4. It can happen in water

4. The main function of Xylem is:

1. To protect the growing seed
2. To transport sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant
3. To attract pollinators
4. To transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the pant

5. The main function of Phloem is:

1. To transport sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant
2. To prevent drying out
3. Photosynthesis

Explain the concept of Quality by Design. What technologies enable the realization of QbD? Describe what the following terms and the role they play in realizing QbD: failure mode and effects analysis, design space, statistical experimental design, process control systems, process analytics, and multivariate data analysis. Please provide references

Transcription, translation and cell signaling within cells is controlled by many different mechanisms.

All of this information can be changed by any number of mutations. Name at least 3 types of mutations and how they could affect how proteins are made(explain all 3).

Please be specific and thorough as possible, I will give a thumb up if I like your answer. Thank you.

1. Which of the following functions of vitamin B-12 is not related to the functions of folate?

A. Maintaining myelin sheaths

B. Transfer of methyl groups

C. Homocysteine metabolism

D. DNA synthesis

2. Plants _______.

A. are a rich source of vitamin B-12

B. are not sources of vitamin B-12

C. contain about the same amount of vitamin B-12 as is found in animal foods, such as liver

D. can make vitamin B-12 in the presence of folate

3.With excessive intakes of vitamin C, increased urinary excretion of ______ (a by-product of vitamin C metabolism) may cause kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals.

A.oxalate

B. pyruvate

C. phosphate

D. uric acid

4.Which have vitamin-like compounds that have antioxidant functions in the body?(select those that apply)

A.Taurine

B.Choline

C.Carnitine

D. Lipoic

E. Inositol

5. Why are older adults at increased risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency compared to younger people?

A. As you age, your macula begins to turn yellow—a sign of excessive folate absorption, which masks vitamin B-12 deficiency.

B. As you age, your metabolism slows and a rapid metabolism is required for optimal vitamin B-12 absorption.

C. As you age, your bones become more porous; porous bones do not absorb vitamin B-12 as well as dense bones do.

D. As you age, your stomach produces less acid, which limits cleavage of vitamin B-12 from food. In addition, decreased production of intrinsic factor by the stomach limits vitamin B-12 absorption.

Transcription, translation and cell signaling within cells is controlled by many different mechanisms.

Name two environmental factors that could possibly increase the amount of mutations in an organism and state how they would affect the organism's genetic code(explain both).

Please be specific and thorough as possible, I will give a thumb up if I like your answer. Thank you.

Transcription, translation and cell signaling within cells is controlled by many different mechanisms.

Explain what each of these does to regulate the production of proteins: small interfering RNA(or siRNA), RNA splicing, and repressors(in operons).

Please be specific and thorough as possible, I will give a thumb up if I like your answer. Thank you.

1. Trichinosis is a terrible disease caused by eating raw infected pork. It causes headache, fever, and swelling as the organism encysts in the body. The parasite that causes this disease fits in which clade(s)

   1. Metazoa

   2. Protist

   3. Eukaryote

   4. Prokaryote

   5. Nematoda

   6. Lophotrocozoa

   		1,3, and 5
   		3 and 5 only
   		4 only
   		2 and 3 only
   		2, 4 and 6