Question

In: Biology

A successful cloning project of Dimetrodon has just been completed that resulted in several live and...

A successful cloning project of Dimetrodon has just been completed that resulted in several live and reproducing specimens of dimetrodons. Since Dimetrodons are early "stem-mammal members", a non-mammal that gave rise to the mammalian lineage, no one knows how it goes through development, similar to fish, amphibians, chickens, reptiles, mammals, or a new unique process altogether. You have been designed to lead the project to determine how gastrulation occurs in dimetrodons. You have decided to approach the problem by locating the equivalent of the Spemann organizer. Please design two different experiments that you will implement to determine where the organizer is located. For each experiment please include anticipated results, what the results would indicate, and possible difficulties that may occur during this experiment. (Money and Specimens are not a problem)

Solutions

Expert Solution

ANSWER :-

  1. Basically, Spemann organizer is considered as a mass of cells which are present near the dorsal lip of the Blastopore which is the structure essential for the development of neural plate and thus formation of the central nervous system.
  2. For a Synapsid like a Dimetrodon, the presence of Spemann organizer would be difficult although another agent would be present forming a gradient differentiating between tissues and promoting formation of the neural plate.
  3. In experiment one, one method is to determine to positioning of the mRNA of the organizer cells. The mRNA can be labelled by using a dye or a radioactive probe which in turn will be added to both the dorsal and the central portion of the embryo. This group of mesoderm cells will inhibit formation of the upper layer basically the skin portion and ultimately the fate will lie in formation of the neural plate. So, detection would become possible by using Fluorescense Microscopy and other associated techniques in order to detect and characterized quantitative aspects and role of the organizer at specific location and thus to distinguish between region where the organizer is basically found and where it is inserted.
  4. In experiment two, DNA hybridization methods can be utilized in which the DNA sequence specific to the organizer needs to be known and thus sequences in the form of probes can be targetted into the cells in order to specify the expression.

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