There are many important physiological parameters that are regulated by both the nervous system and the endocrine system (e.g. blood pressure, blood glucose levels). Make the case for why this dual regulation by these two systems isn’t redundant or wasteful.

Which one of the following would Ferdowsian and Hope (2011) most likely reject?
A) the three R’s are a very important ingredient of animal research ethics.
B) existing codes of ethics for animal research don’t go far enough.
C) recent research has shown that animals feel emotions like humans.
D) most animal models are relevant to human experimentation.

Kant, Warren, Cohen, Singer, Rachels and Regan would all agree with which one of the following?
A) animals have a right to life
B) we have a direct duty to treat animals well
C) animals have the ability to suffer to the same extent that humans do
D) it is morally wrong to treat animals cruelly
E) none of the above

A strong animal rights view endorsed by philosophers such as Singer and Regan would be inconsistent with which of the following codes of ethics?
A) CCAC guidelines
B) Helsinki Declaration
C) Nuremberg Code
D) All of the above

1.Review and discuss the components of the cardiovascular system that play a role in the body’s defenses, as well as their endocrine-related regulatory mechanisms as necessary. (Hint: the heart and blood vessels generally do not have well-characterized body defense roles. Also, the question should address extracellular body defense components as well, not just cellular body defense components.)

2. Discuss the components of innate and adaptive immunity, including a thorough review of their structures and functions. In addition, explain how autoimmune disorders and metastasizing cancers represent a failure of the two types of immunity, and reference the components previously described in this response as appropriate.

Photosynthetic pigments are present in green peppers, red peppers, and carrots, so can red peppers, green peppers, or carrots carry out photosynthesis? Please explain in detail.

Describe an approach to identify pharmacophores and auxophores.

How can integrated viruses influence the behavior of cells?

You are studying the part of the brain that mediates stress. You have treated some mice under stressed conditions and you also have control mice. You isolate the appropriate brain regions from both groups. Describe what you would do to identify changes in genes associated with acetylated lysine 9 on histone H3. What would you do to prepare the brain samples for analysis? Would technique would you use to purify genes associated with aceylated lysine 9 histone H3 and how does it work? How would you identify all the genes in the purified samples? What kind of data would you get in the end that would tell you what genes changed in their association with acetylated lysine 9 histone H3 in response to stress?

answer all please

Which of the following are characteristics of a population?

1. All members belong to the same species.
2. There is interaction between members.
3. There is interbreeding among members.
4. All members live in the same geographic area.
5. All of the above

In lab you are going to be using drosophila flies with sepia mutations (SE, se) causing brown eyes found on chromosome 3 and apterous mutation (AP, ap) on chromosome 2 causing loss of wings. These are recessive mutations. Red eye is the wild-type phenotype. Assuming you have a female heterozygous at both loci. Draw the chromosomes as they go through meiosis (Make sure you show somatic cell, prophase I, metaphase I, metaphase II, gametes.) Draw all possible gametes. What percentage of each phenotype do you expect? What are all the possible phenotypes and genotypes would you expect? This female mates with a male that is also heterozygous at both loci and they have 1000 progeny.

1. What are all possible phenotypes you could recover?

A. Red eyes and wings OR Red eyes and no wings

B. Red eyes and wings OR Brown eyes and no wings

C. Red eyes and wings OR Brown eyes and wings

D. Red eyes and wings OR Brown eyes and wings OR Red eyes and no wings

E. Red eyes and wings OR Brown eyes and wings OR Red eyes and no wings OR Brown eyes AND no wings

2. What combination of phenotypes is displayed the most?

A. Red eyes and wings

B. Red eyes and no wings

C. Brown eyes and wings

D. Brown eyes and no wings

3. Out of 1000 progeny how many animals would have the most common combination of phenotypes?

Numeric Answer:

4. What combination of phenotypes is displayed the least?

A. Red eyes and wings

B. Red eyes and no wings

C. Brown eyes and wings

D. Brown eyes and no wings

5. Out of 1000 progeny how many animals would have the least common combination of phenotypes?

Numeric Answer:

6. What is the least probable genotype?

A. SE/se; AP/ap

B. se/se; ap/ap

C. SE/SE; AP/AP

D. SE/se; AP/AP

E. SE/se; ap/ap

7. What is the second least probable genotype?

A. SE/se; AP/ap

B. se/se; ap/ap

C. SE/SE; AP/AP

D. SE/se; AP/AP

E. SE/se; ap/ap

8. What percent of progeny will have the most common genotype?

A. 6.25

B. 12.5

C. 18.75

D. 25

E. None of the Above

9. You find a Red eye fly with wings. What is the probability this fly is homozygous SE/SE?

Word Answer:

10. You find a Red eye fly with wings. What animal could you cross this animal to, in order determine if its homozygous or heterozygous at the SE locus.

A. A Red eyed fly with wings

B. A Red eye fly with or without wings

C. A heterozygous Red eye fly with or without wings

D. A homozygous Red eye fly with or without wings

E. A brown eye fly with or without wings

11. What is the probability that this fly in male?

Word Answer:

Discuss one way fungi interact with another organism in a parasitic or mutualistic way.

1. Describe the two adaptive immune responses (B cells and T cells) that respond to changes in cells in our body such as infections or cancer.

Explain how the electron transport chain functions to generate ATP in terms of electron
carriers, oxygen as the electron acceptor, the four inner membrane proteins, the hydrogen
concentration gradient, water and ATP synthase.

A black haired mouse was crossed to a hairless mouse. Since it lacked hair, it was impossible to tell if its hair was black or brown. All the F1 progeny had black hair. When these F1 progeny were mated among themselves (to obtain the F2 generation), 96 were black, 43 were hairless, and 30 were brown

(a) What is the approximate observed phenotypic ratio of these offspring? (1 points)

(b) Explain the pattern of inheritance observed here (what are the genotypes that correspond to the observed phenotypes). Assume that the two genes involved are called A and B. (4 points)

(c) What are the actual genotypes of the original parents? (2 points)

(d) What are the actual genotypes of the F1 black haired mice? (1 point)

(e) What are the actual genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 black, hairless, and brown mice, respectively (list all genotypes and phenotypes)? (5 points)

Research the role of  Pasteur, Koch,  and Lister's contributions to Germ Theory of disease and their contributions to long term immunity. Are their contributions relevant in today's health-care community?