ara+ and lac+ are genes required for metabolizing the sugars arabinose and lactose, respectively, and ala+ and leu+ are genes required for synthesizing the amino acids alanine and leucine. You are given the following strains:

Strain 1: leu- ala+ ara+ lac+
Strain 2: leu+ ala- ara+ lac-
Strain 3: leu+ ala+ ara+ lac-
Strain 4: leu+ ala- ara- lac-

Which of these strains will grow on minimal media with glucose?

ra+ and lac+ are genes required for metabolizing the sugars arabinose and lactose, respectively, and ala+ and leu+ are genes required for synthesizing the amino acids alanine and leucine. You are given the following strains:

Strain 1: leu- ala+ ara+ lac+
Strain 2: leu+ ala- ara+ lac-
Strain 3: leu+ ala+ ara+ lac-
Strain 4: leu+ ala- ara- lac-

Which of these strains will grow on minimal media with arabinose?

ara+ and lac+ are genes required for metabolizing the sugars arabinose and lactose, respectively, and ala+ and leu+ are genes required for synthesizing the amino acids alanine and leucine. You are given the following strains:

Strain 1: leu- ala+ ara+ lac+
Strain 2: leu+ ala- ara+ lac-
Strain 3: leu+ ala+ ara+ lac-
Strain 4: leu+ ala- ara- lac-

Which of these strains will grow on minimal media with lactose + leucine?

1. Describe at least 3 physical and 3 chemical factors in the first line of defense for innate immunity.

1.What is the source of energy for nearly all the life on earth?

2.Why can't humans do photosynthesis, i.e. what organelles do plants have that humans do not?

3.What are the inputs to photosynthesis and what are the outputs?

4.Which one of the molecules in question #3 has been shown to have rapidly increased in our atmosphere?

For a biological response activated by a cell signaling receptor due to stimulation by a related set of ligands (signaling molecules):

a) For any one particular type of ligand: Provide your best thinking about the mechanisms underlying the fact that the response is stronger when the concentration of ligand is higher.

b) A and B, a pair of structurally similar but different ligands, are presented separately but at the same concentration to separate samples of cells from a highly uniform cell population. The overall cellular response to ligand B is stronger than the response elicited by ligand A. Provide your best thinking about two most likely mechanisms underlying this differing response. Don't settle for a one-sentence answer - keep your comments very brief (just a few sentences), but provide a bit of depth/complexity in your answer.

Questions 15-17 involve this situation: An exercise bout is required of the individual that requires about 75% of VO2 max and the cortisol levels are highly elevated after 30 min of exercise. Evaluate these statements as true or false

15. ------ The person is likely untrained

16. ____ ACTH levels are elevated

17. ____ CRH levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation are depressed

How can you develop a common donor for modified T-cells? Please be detailed in explaining the steps for this process.

how does location influence the health of streams, for eg. urban, agriculture

1. It can be argued that the greatest tool that humans have used for survival is culture. Discuss how cultural tools in a particular time and place allowed us to adapt to, and change the, environment in order to survive.

It's Human Evolution, Ecology & Adaptation Course.

Jayne was an eighteen year old freshman in college. On her second day at the college, she and her new roommate went to a “meet and greet” get together in their dorm. There were a lot of snacks and drinks there. After eating a cookie Jayne started developing nausea, itchy skin with large welts, a tingling sensation and tightness in her throat, dizziness and difficulty breathing, and a feeling of doom. She tried to speak to her roommate but her voice was very hoarse. She became unconscious and was rushed to the ER. When the medical personnel examined her she was hypotensive, with tachycardia; her skin was clammy. When the nurse looked in her purse she saw and Epipen injector. On questioning the RA from the residence hall, the ER staff found out that the cookies had peanuts in them. On administering epinephrine, Jayne quickly regained consciousness, her blood pressure rebounded to normal, and the heart rate slowed down. She was discharged the next day.

Prompts:

1) What is your diagnosis about Jayne’s condition?

2) What is an “antigen-presenting cell” and what role does this type of cell play in an immune response?

3) Explain the interaction that occurs between a T-helper lymphocyte and a B cell when the B cell is being induced to produce peanut-specific IgE. In your explanation, explain the role that the peanut allergen plays in this interaction.

4) In immediate hypersensitivity, the initial exposure to an allergen usually does not produce any symptoms. The symptoms, such as those involved in anaphylaxis, usually appear in the second exposure. What events are occurring during this initial exposure that sensitizes a person to an allergen? In your description include the role of B cells, T cells, IgE, mast cells, basophils and the allergen.

5) Describe how IgE binds and reacts with basophils and mast cells.

Write an essay on KEFIR for a wellness fair.

The aim of this project is to take a critical look at the hype that surrounds so many “super foods” we hear about in the media. Many are touted for their “mysterious” appeal and outstanding health benefits, but are these claims backed up by legitimate scientific research?

The handout should include the following elements:

1. Description of the food item.
2. Nutrient composition.
3. Benefits it is claimed to have for human health.
4. Summary of the scientific evidence (or lack of evidence).
5. Concluding statement or recommendation.
6. References (at least 3), from a reliable health information source such as the NIH, a university, a government organization, or a peer-reviewed scientific publication. Do not use websites from private physicians, nutritionists, or self-proclaimed “health experts.” Use websites with extensions that are .edu, .gov. or .org (if it’s a non-profit organization).

1.       Identify the likely habitats for each of the categories of prey found. If the owl was responsible for all of the pellets, where would you say the owl was searching for food?

2.       Identify at least three other types of information that could be obtained by studying prey remains in owl pellets?

3.       What are two advantages as a predator that an owl might gain by being nocturnal?

4.       What are two features (each) of owl’s 1? Structure; 2. Physiology and 3. Behaviour that allow them to be successful nocturnal predators?

9. You have a highly purified protein. You want to assess its post translational modification pattern. What type of mass-spectrometry would you use and what ionisation source do you think would be most appropriate? Justify your answer (500 words)

1. What is a carcinogen? Explain

2. What is the link between caloric effect and cancer?

3. What types of vegetables are considered anti-carcinogens? Why?

4. What are infectious diseases? Explain and give examples

5. What are chronic diseases? Explain and give examples

1- What’s fitness? Explain in detail

2- What are the physiological changes related to good fitness level? Explain each of them in detail

3- How does physical activity and exercise affect your blood pressure and heart rate? Explain in detail

4- What do the body use for energy in the early stages of exercise? Explain in detail

5- When and how does  the body starts using fat as energy?

6- What happen when the body gets depleted of glucose for energy?