Somites.

What is the relationship between the determination front and cycling levels of Notch activity in the formation of somites?

Role of Good Manufacture Practice, make a short article 500-1000 words

In autoimmune diseases, part of your immune system works against your own body.In Rheumatoid arthritis, this leads to inflammation of joints due to infiltration of immune cells. How do TNF-α and IL-1 enhance the infiltration of leukocytes into the joint space?

Using the amino acid translation chart on the following page, provide the mRNA, Codons, Anticodons, and amino acid chain for the following DNA strand.

DNA: C T A C G G A C C T A T A C G C A A C  A T C G G

mRNA:

Codon:

Anitcodon:

Amino Acids:

When the chickenpox vaccine was developed older people who had not had chickenpox were among the first to be able to get the vaccine. However, sometimes people have such a minor chickenpox infection that it goes unnoticed, yet still generates complete adaptive immunity. Before giving the vaccine, healthcare workers would test potential recipients to see if they already had chickenpox and had immunity to the virus. Describe how you could develop an ELISA test to determine if someone had immunity to chickenpox. Explain the sources of antigens, antibodies, type of ELISA, and expected results for positive and negative cases.

Write the net biochemical equation for the biosynthesis of the non-essential amino acid aspartate from pyruvate, carbon dioxide and ammonia from the necessary elementary reactions or steps. (you must include all necessary elementary steps for full credit)

What realities of nature do source-sink models and landscape models include that basic metapopulation models do not include?

How would lifetime dispersal distance and neighborhood size differ for a plant whose seeds are carried by the wind and a plant whose seeds drop near the parent plant?

Why do most species have their highest densities near the center of their geographic range?

Which one or more of the following can you determine if you only know that a person has Type A blood?

For each statement below, write the animal phyla from the list for which the statement is true. List as many phyla as apply to each statement.

• Echinodermata (sea urchins, sea stars)

• Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans, etc.)

• Porifera (sponges)

• Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, etc.)

• Chordata (vertebrae)

• Has one cell layer

• Has two cell layers

• Has three cell layers

• Are asymmetric

• Are radially symmetric

• Are bilaterally symmetric

• Their embryos have a blastula stage

• Are considered to be deuterostomes

• Are considered to be protostomes

• Are eukaryotic

Then, identify which of the statements from above is a characteristic that evolved more than once in animals. What does this mean?

1. botanical facts about brown rice and botanical ingredients found in brown rice

2. nutritional value of brown rice  and secondary metabolites of brown rice

3. how is brown rice cultivated or made

4. botanical facts about barley and botanical ingredients found in barley

5. Ethnobotanical knowledge about barley and secondary metabolites of barley

6. how are barley made or cultivated

I need an example of kind of insects used as biocontrol agents and find this a successful biocontrol story and why?

Quiz 9 STUDY QUESTIONS

1 For each of the following statements, indicate whether the statistical association is likely the result of chance, confounding. bias. or A case-control study showed that a strong association exists between birth order and Down syndrome.

b. A case-control study lound a positive association between self-reported chest radiographs during pregnancy and breast cancer. A randomized clinical trial found that drug A versus placebo did not significantly improve 10-year survival (RR = 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 01455014 A cohort study found no statistical association between smoking and pancreatic cancer (RR = 1: = P value = 0.85). A hospital-based case-control study identified a strong association between oral contraceptives and thromboembolism. Many doctors suspected the association and hospitalized some women who used oral contraceptives for evaluation

2 Match the following methods for minimizing chance, bias, and confounding in an experimental study Chance Bias Confounding a Randomization b. Blind c. Increase sample size

3. Recall the causal criteria presented by Sir Austin Brad- ford Hill in 1965 Discuss these criteria in the context of smoking and lung cancer.

4.Suppose you suspect based on descriptive epidemiol ogy that college students who perform better aca demically are more likely to have an office job and be obese 10 years after graduation. You decide to select 500 graduating seniors randomly and classify them according to grade point average as high versus low (where the cut point is at the median of the GPAs for these students). The resulting 2 x 2 contingency table is as follows: Below is a table GPA High Low Total Obese at 10 Years Yes 60 40 100 No 190 210 400 Total 250 250 500 Apply this data to the six steps of hypothesis.

5. Match the following Predisposing factors Enabling factors Precipitating factors Reinforcing factors a Facilitate manifestation of a disease le housing) Associated with definitive onset of disease (eg. toxin Increase level of susceptibility m a host of age) d. Aggravate presence of disease leg repeated exposure)

6. Compare a direct causal association with an individual causal association. Use specific examples

7. Define and compare the difference between static inference and causal inference. 8. Why might studying a sample be preferred population? A component cause is also called which of the following?

a. Risk factor b. Web of causation c. Epidemiologic triangle

d. Each of the above are component causes 10 Webs of causation play a more useful role when one is trying to describe disease etiology for which type of disease? a. Acute b. Infectious C. Chronic d. Two of the above.

Explain how energy, which is generated by the electron transport chain, is coupled to the formation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.