Two-part question about animals:

1a. Why do smaller animals typically have a simple respiratory system, while larger animals require more complex respiratory structures like gills or lungs?

1b. Many immune system functions in animals are completed by individual cells that can travel throughout the body, instead of remaining stationary within specialized organs. Why is this important for the immune system to function well?

Based on your understanding of sea urchin and fruit fly gastrulation, would you expect the ventral furrowing of the fruit fly to require an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition? Why or why not?

A businessman in Iowa returned from a trip to Japan and a few other countries a few months previously. He had a very sore throat. He had been treated with beta-lactam drugs but was not cured. The man reported that he had unprotected sex including oral while overseas. The gram stain of his throat showed a gram-negative coccus. He was treated with a newer generation beta-lactam drug and still did not cure the pharyngitis. He also showed signs of an infection of the genitourinary tract with purulent discharge from the penile region.   Samples were taken to grow a potential bacterium from both regions of his body.

Questions

1. What is the most likely pathogen causing this pharyngitis? What was the source of transmission? Name two other organisms that cause pharyngitis.

2. Discuss in detail the properties of the microbe? Does it have methods of immune evasion?

3. Discuss in detail the pathogenesis of the disease from initial exposure to final outcome.   What are the complications?

It is a very dry year in New Mexico. Described two adaptations and two acclimatization's that plants have for dealing with drought (4 points).

Adaptation 1:

Adaptation 2:

Acclimatization 1:

Acclimatization 2:

Explain the two-fold cost of stomatal closure for water conservation during drought (2 points).

18) In your own words, explain the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche (2 points). Provide an example (can be real or hypothetical, can be plant or animal) of when the fundamental and realized niches of a species would differ. (2 points)

You need to construct a dichotomous key for the following taxa from the protists (below). Make sure that you follow the rules for the construction of dichotomous keys.

Ulva,

Volvox,

Spirogyra,

Red algae,

Plasmodial slime mold,

Dinoflagellates,

Stentor,

Plasmodium,

Trypanosoma,

diatoms,

Radiolaria,

Euglena

Brown algae

Pretend you are trying to establish a specific species of mosquito as a model organism in order to design more effective pesticides. After sequencing the genome of Culiseta longiareolata, you uncover a gene that has a 54% sequence similarity to the oskar gene in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To begin determining if the oskar-like gene in the mosquito has a similar function to its potential homolog in the fruit fly, you’ve decided to first test if the oskar-like gene is a morphogen. How would you begin testing whether oskar-like is a morphogen? In your response, be sure to include which technique(s) you would use and your predicted result(s).

Describe the ancestors of the plant kingdom?

5A. How are the pterygots different from the jumping bristletails and silverfish?

5B. Describe three ways in which insects are different from other hexapods.

what information, if any, might convince you that humans and chimpanzees should share the same genus ? why? if you could not be convinced, then what scientific evidence leads you to that conclusion?

1) Describe the process and steps involved in the production of a protein from a DNA blueprint.

1) Why does your body need to produce haploid cells?

2) Why is it important for an organism that DNA undergoes semi-conservative replication?

3) Why is gene therapy more likely to help a condition like sickle cell anemia?

4) How are ecoli bacteria used to produce insulin?

What are the characteristics of innate lymphocyte cells?

Sweating cools your body by

Group of answer choices

the surface tension of water molecules beading on the surface of the skin

dissolving salt into the sweat

releasing heat because droplets of water can hold a lot of heat

being a good insulator for heat

Define Poly-pharmacy. Research the implications of poly-pharmacy on the elderly. How can this be avoided. What needs to be done to safely administer medication to the older adult and insure compliance. Discuss alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of medication in this age group. Share this information with your classmates.