3. A Xhtech company offers two bacterial strains (A and B) for the commercial production of cellulase that is required in textile industries.

The bacterial strain A secretes the recombinant cellulase and it costs 320 $, whereas, the bacterial strain B accumulates the recombinant cellulase in the cytoplasm and it costs only 105 $.

In order to advise the companies in textile industries, you need to answer the following questions.

a. What is the role of cellulase in the textile industry? (1 mark)

b. Which bacterial strain is a cost-effective? Justify your answer by explaining the differences of purification

c. Write any two advantages of using a recombinant cellulase instead of naturally existing cellulase in the textile industry? ( 1 mark)

Outline what happens when a pathogen enters a wound or creates an infection (Example: a cold virus enters the respiratory tract or bacteria enter a cut in our skin).  First describe some innate responses, then tell me how the adaptive response might get recruited or activated. What is the end outcome?

1. What is codon? (1pt)

     2. What is an anti-codon? (1pt)

     3. What tRNA bases can be attached to the mRNA codon, UGC? (1pt)

     4. Where do the amino acids in the cytoplasm of a cell come from? (1pt)

E. Complete the mRNA strand by providing the proper nitrogen bases: (1pt)

F. Complete the anti-codons for the tRNAs: (1pt)

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding transcription in most organisms?

1. The RNA template strand is used to encode single-stranded RNA

2. All genes are transcribed from the same strand of DNA

3. Both DNA strands are used to transcribe from different strands of RNA

4. Different genes may be transcribed from different strands of DNA

5. The DNA template is used to encode single-stranded RNA

Information for question # 21,22, and 23. Allele frequencies at a wing length locus are measured for a natural population of a migratory cricket species as P(A1) = 0.4 and Q (A2) = 0.6. Observed genotype frequencies in the field population are shown below. Compute the expected frequency of the three genotypes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for this locus?

Observed frequency Expected frequency Show your work

A1A1 = 0.28

A1A2 = 0.22

A2A2 = 0.50

21. The expected frequency of the genotypes are:

a) A1A1 =0.25 A1A2 = 0.50 A2A2 = 0.25

b) A1A1 =0.28 A1A2 = 0.22 A2A2 = 0.50

c) A1A1 =0.16 A1A2 = 0.48 A2A2 = 0.36

d) A1A1 =0.36 A1A2 = 0.48 A2A2 = 0.16

e) None of the above

22. Compute the value of the inbreeding coefficient (F) for this population. The inbreeding coefficient is

A) 0 B) 0.043 C) 0.43 D) 0.54 E) 1

SHOW YOUR WORK IN THIS SPACE

23. Based on your calculation is there evidence for assortative mating in this population?

a) Yes b) No c) Not enough information

EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER IN THIS SPACE

The polymerase that synthesizes which of the following molecules uses RNA as a template and synthesizes new stands from 5' to 3'?

1. Neither RNA polymerase nor DNA polymerase

2. both RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase

3. DNA polymerase only

4. RNA polymerase only

Which one or more of the following are possible parent-child combinations?

Combination. Mothers blood type. fathers Blood type. Baby blood type

1 o. o. a

2. o. b. o

3. a a. o

4. B. AB. A

A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment for RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) is carried out, specifically to tell the difference between RNAP2 bound to the promoter and RNAP2 that has escaped the promoter but has not yet begun to fully elongate (RNAP2 serine 5 phosphorylated).

Describe two issues that might come up when designing your experiment to obtain the type of data you desire. Also provide a solution to address these two issues.

These Questions are from the Textbook "The Environment and You"

1. Biodiversity Conservation                                                      Chapter 8

• Why biodiversity matters?
• What are the threats to biodiversity?
• What are the strategies for conserving biodiversity?

2. Climate Change and Global Warming                                   Chapter 9

• What are the causes of global warming?
• What are the consequences of global warming?
• What are the mitigation and adaptation policies?

3. Air Quality                                                                              Chapter 10

• Which are the sources of air pollution in the stratosphere?
• Which are the sources of air pollution in the troposphere?
• What is the cause for acid rain?

4. Water                                                                                      Chapter 11     

• What problems are connected to groundwater overuse?
• How to manage and conserve water?
• How to treat wastewater?

5.   Agriculture and the Ecology of Food                                  Chapter 12

• How to manage soil resources?
• How to manage genetic resources?
• How to manage pests sustainably?

6. Forest Resources                                                                     Chapter 13     

• What are the values of forests?
• What is the environmental impact of deforestation?
• How to manage forests sustainably?

7. Nonrenewable Energy and Electricity                                    Chapter 14

• What is the environmental impact of coal?
• What is the environmental impact of oil and natural gas?
• What is the environmental impact of nuclear power?

1. Glyburide, a member of the sulfonylurea family of drugs, is used to treat type 2 diabetes. It binds to and closes the ATP-gated K+ channels on the pancreatic beta cells. This leads to membrane depolarization and activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels triggering fusion of insulin containing vesicles with the plasma membrane causing subsequent release of insulin into the blood. Given the mechanism of this drug’s action, would you expect glyburide to be useful for treating type I diabetes? Why or why not? 5 points

Which of the following occurs in meiosis II but not meiosis I?

Select one:

A. homologous chromosomes pair

B. homologous chromosomes cross-over

C. homologous chromatids separate

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

A population of capelin, a small forage fish, in the Arctic ocean displays two types of colors, black and olive green. In capelin, olive-green is dominant to black. A marine biologist notices changes in the Arctic population after some capelin from a North Atlantic population migrated to the Arctic ocean. Before the migration event, the allele frequency of the black color allele was 0.34 in the Arctic population. After the migration event, the frequency was 0.38. The marine biologist was able to determine that the frequency of the black allele in the North Atlantic population was 0.53. What proportion of individuals currently in the Arctic population migrated from the North Atlantic population in order to cause the change in allele frequency?

When setting up a PCR experiment, you must prepare a positive control sample. What would the positive control help you discover?

A) You forgot to add Loading Dye to your samples

B) The DNA ladder is denatured

C) Your thermocycler is broken

D) Your reagents are contaminated with foreign DNA

Which of the following is mismatched concerning microscopy.

A) SEM: 3D representation of surface features of cells and other objects, individual components in microbial communities, microbial environment interactions

B) Confocal: uses laser light sources to scan differentially labeled specimens producing #D-like images assembled by a computer.

C) Darkfield: can visualize living spirochetes in wet mounts, motility of cells in wet mounts.

D) Differential Interference Phase Contrast: similar to phase contrast but adds prisms providing additional detail and quasi-3D effect

E) Limit of resolution human eye (conventional light microscopy): 0.2mm (2nm)

Please explain.

give me three good reasons why people should vaccinate & explain a little if you can (its for a persausive speech). also some good counter arguments would be helpful