1. In otherwise normal, intact (not leaky), coupled mitochondria supplied with succinate and ADP, if you add ANTIMYCIN:
   1. What happens to electron^- transport (works/stops)? Why?
   2. What happens to oxygen consumption (works/stops)? Why?
   3. What happens to proton pumping (works/stops)? Why?
   4. What happens to ATP synthesis (works/stops)? Why?

Describe how limiting nutrients structure ecosystems and what happens when you add that limiting nutrient back.

There are a number of indicators of biological sex and gender. Define biological sex. Define gender. Explain how they are the same or not, and your response must include at least two (2) examples or indicators of biological sex and gender.

2) (10 point question) Many people love colorful and tasty tomatoes and an ambitious student in horticulture wants to breed such a tomato variety. He searched all the available tomato genetic resources, and found the two inbred lines he needed. One line produces the tomatoes with a colorful red-green-yellow mosaic pattern (rrTT), and the other strain is 'very tasty' (RRtt).

When the student crossed the two strains together, he made the following observations:

In the F1 generation, all the ripe tomatoes have a regular red color and a regular flavor. The student tasted tomatoes from over 40 individual plants, and was sick with regular tasting tomatoes.

In the F2 progeny, the student sampled 1000 tomato plants: 498 had red-color tomatoes with normal taste, 248 colorful tomatoes with normal taste, and 254 red-color tomatoes with great taste. He was disappointed not to find any colorful tomatoes with great taste. He then sampled another 2000 F2 plants: 998 had red-color tomatoes with normal taste, 511 colorful tomatoes with normal taste, 488 red-color tomatoes with great taste, and 3 colorful tomatoes with great taste; he was so happy to find what he wanted!!!

Based on these experimental results, he realized that the alleles he needs are recessive and the two genes are linked.

A) (4 points) How closely linked are the r and t genes? Please explain your strategy to calculate the distance.

B) (2 points) A testcross with the F1 can be used to further define the genetic distance between the two genes. Indicate the ratio of progeny phenotypes that you'd expect (describe phenotypes) from this cross based on the map distance you propose for part a).

C) (2 points) The tomato genome has now been sequenced and genes on the chromosome are in the following order OPQRSTU. The respective physical distances on the chromosome between these seven genes are very similar. But we now know that there is a 'cold spot' between genes RT and 'hot spots' between PQ and TU. Draw a representation of the genetic map relative to the physical map (both maps are needed here) for this part of the tomato genome. Show the relative (approximate) locations of the genes on the two maps.

D) (2 points) What can you predict about the chromosome chromatin structure between the R and T genes?

In the Meselson - Stahl experiment, if after the first round of replication, the DNA had been denatured at high temperature before its centrifugation in a column of cesium chloride, which two models would have shown the same sedimentation pattern?

Group of answer choices

semiconservative and dispersive

conservative and dispersive

all three would have shown the same sedimentation pattern

semiconservative and conservative

none of the three would have had the same sedimentation pattern

If an X-linked recessive trait was lethal to the development of an embryo, answer the following questions:

A. could carrier females pass this trait to sons that survive child birth?

B. could carrier females pass this trait to daughters that survive child birth?

C. could fathers pass this trait to daughters that survive child birth?

D. could fathers pass this trait to sons that survive child birth?

What are the various types of Clinical Trials in which an intervention is given to determine its effect on a certain disease or health condition?

You decided to become a super cool food scientist and upon graduation, was hired at an ice cream company. The first product you are asked to work on is soft-serve ice cream. Soft-serve ice cream starts off as a liquid ice cream mix that will later be frozen into delicious, smooth and creamy ice cream. Your lab mate was showing you how to make the liquid ice cream mix, and after making it, forgot to put it in the refrigerator before heading home. Unfortunately, that ice cream mix contained 2 viable food infection type microorganisms. If the average lag phase generation time is 105 minutes, the average log phase generation time is 35 minutes, and three generation times (16 microorganisms) are required for the system to switch from the lag to the log phase, how many microorganisms would be present in the mix when you returned to the lab 14 hours later. Please provide your answer to the nearest whole number

In a hypothetical species of butterfly, wing spots are controlled by a single locus where BB individuals have blue spots, YY individuals have yellow spots, and BY individuals have green spots. Ten years ago, a previous collector randomly collected 1000 butterflies and reported finding 90 blues, 420 greens, and 490 yellows. You collect 40 blues, 320 greens, and 640 yellows. Has there been evolution in this population? If yes, is natural selection involved? Explain and justify your answers.

This is my third time posting this question, please don't answer it if youre going to give me p2+q2+2pq=1

I'm not asking if evolution is happening 10 years ago and if it is happening now, I'm asking has evolution happened comparing 10 years ago to now!

So can you please calculate the expected genotypic or phenotypic frequencies (of each of 10 years ago and now) using HWE math p2+2pq+q2p2+2pq+q2. Then calculate the chi-square values, which are adjusted measures of deviation based on each individual frequency. Fail the test, and you know you have a violation of HWE. It is possible to test for signatures of selection (please test for selection as well) .

I hope you dont just give me a 2 line answer or give me a pasted answer of the old questions! Im definitely going to give a thumbs down as this is the third time I ask this.

In the Meselson - Stahl experiment, if after the first round of replication, the DNA had been denatured at high temperature before its centrifugation in a column of cesium chloride, which two models would have shown the same sedimentation pattern?

Group of answer choices

a) semiconservative and dispersive

b) none of the three would have had the same sedimentation pattern

c) all three would have shown the same sedimentation pattern

d) conservative and dispersive

e) semiconservative and conservative

Ecology:

Be able to draw and describe in words the three hypothesized models of how species richness affects ecosystem function. Also be able to draw and label the H0, null hypothesis model. Be able to give examples of ecosystem function.

Why has an energy deficiency been considered a central cause of infertility for both male and female and what examples support this notion?

Ecology:

What are the key processes of the water cycle? What are the consequences of human disruption of the water cycle?