Put the following steps of the light reactions in the correct order:

1. Light excites an electron from photosystem I.

2. Light excites an electron from photosystem II.

3. Electrons reduce NADP+ to NADPH.

4. Electrons pass through an electron transport chain, which generates an H+ gradient used to make ATP.

Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall plants and t = dwarf. What are the genotypes of the gametes that are produced by a plant that is heterozygous for both traits?

a. PpTt only

b.PT and pt

c. P, p, T, and t

d. PT, Pt, pT, and pt

e. Tt, TT, tt, Pp, PP, and pp

Explain 3 concepts for each compartment of the Venn diagram on the next page. (18pts)

Topic:

Cell signaling to cell division

(compare and contrast)

Highlight the “real world”significance/importance of the process of identifying unknown bacteria.You should specifically address the importance of the identification process in your future professional career.

i. Why does Darwin believe that nature has put such a premium upon the enhanced survival skills of certain creatures?

ii. Darwin compares natural selection to a country undergoing some form of climate change. How does he say that such an example and climate change are similar?

iii. Darwin argues that the hand of "natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinising, throughout the world, the slightest variations; rejecting those that are bad, preserving and adding up all that are good; silently and insensibly working, whenever and where opportunity offers, at the improvement of each organic being in relation to its organic and inorganic conditions of life." If Darwin is correct, how come we don't see people, animals, and other organisms morphing before our eyes?

iv. What makes leaf-eating insects green, bark-eating insects mottled grey, and gives hawks such good eyesight? What happened to the insects of the wrong color or the near-sighted hawks?

v. How could this view of the role(s) played by the laws of nature upon the rest of the animal kingdom (yes, you are a part of the animal kingdom: the ape family) be interpreted to apply to human interactions? After reading this kind of expose, what reason might some give for poverty, disease, or the domination of one people over another? [I do not mean to suggest that it should be applied, completely, to the understanding of human interactions, but some did, and I am setting the stage for that movement.]

In the DNA extraction from cheek cells, protocol you used cold ethanol to:

A.) Precipitate the DNA B.) Break open the nuclear membrane C.) Separate the nucleus from the other organelles D.) Denature the nuclear proteins

1. Make a single concept map using ALL of the terms provided below:

*The terms are not in any particular order.

carbohydrate               enzyme                  active site              substrate                     

lactose                         gene                      glucose                  nucleotide

protein                   galactose                     DNA                     activation energy

amino acid            monosaccharide      disaccharide                catalyst

1. Which of the following stages of cellular respiration makes the most ATP?

   		glycolysis
   		citric acid cycle
   		oxidative phosphorylation

Porphyrin ring molecules are critical both for oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria and for photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Compare and contrast the role of this type of molecule in each process. Explain the roles of O2 and H2O in each process as well.

Please explain what would have been their chance of survival 100 years ago with Escherichia coli (E.Coli)? What was the chance of survival 30 years ago for someome with Escherichia coli (E.Coli) ?

What do you know about the profession of Surgical Technology and what interests you about it? 500 word response.

Please explain what would have been their chance of survival 100 years ago with Escherichia coli (E.Coli)? What was the chance of survival 30 years ago for someome with Escherichia coli (E.Coli) ? what are the chances today?  and what will the chances most likely be 10 years from now?

24. List examples of selfish behavior, cooperative behavior, altruistic behavior, and spiteful behavior.

Question 9 (4 pts)

The genetic term “loss of function” is used to describe any mutation in the DNA that leads to a particular protein that cannot function. There are many reasons why a protein may not be functioning any longer…digging into your knowledge on mechanism of gene expression and gene expression regulation, describe a mutation that could lead to a loss of function mutation. Where is the mutation in the gene? What function of gene expression or gene expression regulation is it affecting? How is it leading to a loss of function for the protein encoded for within that gene?

But I’m going to restrict your answer…describe a mechanism that DOES NOT include a point mutation leading to missense, nonsense or frameshift – in other words, choose a mutation/mechanism other than a mutation that leads to a change in the protein coding region of a mature mRNA. I want you to think outside of that particular box.

What is a kilocalorie?

Select one:

A. The amount of energy required to raise 1.0 Kilogram of water 1.0 degree Celsius

B. The amount of energy required to raise 100.0 ounces of water 1.0 degree Celsius

C. The amount of energy required to raise 1.0 gram of water 1.0 degree Celsius

D. The amount of energy required to raise 1.0 gram of water 100.0 degrees Fahrenheit

E. The amount of energy required to raise 1.0 Kilogram of water 100.0 degrees Celsius