explain two factors that might control the changes in distribution and virulence of malaria in a changing climate?

As a child, you greatly disliked having to receive vaccines by injection (shots). Therefore, you have elected to genetically engineer a vaccine that can be administered via ingestion. How would you design such a vaccine? (Provide concrete steps) What maybe some limitations of the vaccine you have designed? (example efficacy of the vaccine, effect of digestion).

why would aromsin compete with testostreone the precursor of estrogen.

Vitamins serve as co-enzymes in many biochemical reactions. What vitamins (co-enzymes) would you supply bacteria and which you would remove from the medium to prevent accumulation of fat by bacteria.

Imagine that you have been assigned four substances from which you will observe the rate of diffusion: substance #1: 212mg? substance #2: 1918 mg substance #3: 50 mg substance #4: 4 mg a) substance #2 will diffuse fastest at first but the other materials will catch up within an hour b) The rate of diffusion for the four substance will be equal

Indicate whether the following statements apply to exotoxins or endotoxins 1. the effect is tissue specific e.g neurotoxin 2. these are made of protein and are often secreted by the pathogen 3. these are only produced by gram negative organisms 4. we are vaccinated against some of these 5. this causes diseases by producing a massive, systemic inflammatory response 6. this one tends to be more heat stable 7. this disease causing component is lipid A

2. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter. What would you assume about the stability of serotonin? Please explain your answer.

which is considered characteristic of the acquired of the immunological system?

a. specificity

b. memory

c. recognition of self (self-preservation)

d. inducible

e. all of the above are true

Shark Questions:

1. What may be the purpose of counter shading in sharks and other types of fish?

2. What are the functions of the shark liver?

3. Make a flow chart (using arrows) of shark digestion.

4. Why are rugae necessary to shark digestion?

5. Why do you think carnivores have shorter intestines than herbivores; what might be the adaptive advantage?

6. Why does the ovoviviparous reproductive method improve the chances of an individual shark’s survival, but at the same time make the species of shark more vulnerable to overfishing and other environmental problems?

Indicate whether the following statements apply to B cells, T cells, both, or neither 1. Can produce memory cells 2. require contact with antigen presenting cells to be activated 3. are found in lymph nodes and spleen 4. produce and secrete antibodies 5. contribute to cell mediated immunity 6. can respond to cytokines

Steve and Marissa are in the midst of an acrimonious divorce. Their 9-year-old son Dennis has become hostile and defiant. How can Steve and Marissa help Dennis adjust?

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How does each level in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory - microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem - contribute to the effects of maternal employment on children's development?

Chordata, Vertebrata, Agnatha Questions

1. Read the descriptions provided above for the external structures and then label the lamprey diagram below.

2. The sea lamprey is a jawless fish. How is the outside covering of the lamprey different than that of other fish?

3. How many gill openings do they have?

4. Describe the purpose of the fins labeled 8 and 9. How is this different than the function of the fin labeled 10?

5. Could a sea lamprey bite you? Explain your answer.

6. What exits the body of the lamprey through the cloaca?

7. Name the four basic characteristics that invertebrate chordates share with jawless fish. What structure have the jawless fish evolved that the invertebrate chordates have not?

8. How is the mouth of the lamprey adapted to prey on other fish?

9. What is the function of the notochord? What replaces the notochord in vertebrates?

10. Do lampreys have any economic value (good or bad)?