Creating a transgenic organism

A. is the result of deleting DNA from specific genes of an organism.

B. is a form of natural selection.

C. is the result of adding DNA to an organism from another species.

D. happens spontaneously.

E. benefits all organisms.

How are artificial selection and natural selection similar?

A. Both require human intervention.

B. Both work to create a new species.

C. Both select for a specific trait(s) within a population.

D. Both processes only affect animals.

E. All of the above are correct.

Most commercial insecticides are effective for only a few years. This is because:

A. not enough is used.

B. natural selection for insecticide resistance occurs.

C. of artificial selection by farmers.

D. of genetic engineering creating new insects.

E. None of the above is correct.

Traits controlled by X-linked recessive genes appear more often in males than in females because:

A. the male inherits X-linked genes from his father.

B. the male inherits Y-linked genes from his mother.

C. the male needs only one copy of the gene for the trait to appear in his phenotype.

D. the male inherits more copies of the gene than does a female.

E. the male needs two copies of the gene for the trait to appear in his phenotype.

When animals synthesize Met, they typically use Asp as the starting point. Since they cannot incorporate inorganic sulfur, they use Cys as the source of sulfur, going by way of cystathionine. Finally, they use Serine as the source of the methyl group via folate metabolism.

Calculate the the number of ATP consumed (or produced) to drive this overall conversion:   

Asp + Cys + Ser →  Met + Gly + pyruvate + NH₃

Assume that synthesis of cystathionine from homoserine and Cys requires prior activation of the homoserine (e.g., by succinylation),

5. The bacterium Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative aerobe. a. Explain what this means in terms of its growth requirements. b. If you could mutate just one gene in the genome to convert it to a strict anaerobe, which protein would you eliminate? There is more than one correct answer, so please explain why.

I am interested in antibiotic resistance. How might I identify all genes that contribute to resistance to a given antibiotic in a particular isolate of bacteria all at once, using an approach that involves illumina sequencing? (note – this is not simply by genome sequence analysis – it’ll take a more complex experiment coupled to sequencing).

A. "Clonal selection" applies to which type of leukocytes? B. In which part of the body do the earliest stages of lymphocyte development occur? C. What event "triggers" the development of the cell to an activated cell? D. In what part(s) of the body does this triggering event typically take place?

In ecology, a population is best defined as:

A. all members of any one species living in the same place at the same time.

B. all members of all species living in the same place at the same time.

C. individuals interacting with the environment

D. everywhere on the planet where life is able to exist

E. all organisms living in the same place and time along with the non-living components of the area.

In the planetary carbon cycle, carbon is returned to the atmosphere by

A. fermentation.

B. the light reactions of photosynthesis.

C. the Carbon (dark/light-independent/Calvin) cycle reactions of photosynthesis.

D. glycolysis.

E. aerobic respiration in animals.

A multicellular organism has cell walls, but cannot photosynthesize. Into which Kingdom would this organism be classified?

A. Fungi.

B. Protista.

C. Animalia.

D. Plantae.

E. Flagellata.

1. Describe the mechanism of DCFDA and, what is the purpose of running assay

1. 2 How will we evaluate the cytotoxicity of the 3 compounds we are working with?Must describe the mechanism of CCK-8.

Of 31 children born of father-daughter matings, 6 died in infancy, 12 were abnormal and died in childhood, and 13 were normal. From this information calculate roughly how many recessive lethal genes we have, on average, in the human genome. (Hint: if the answer were 1, then the daughter would stand a 50% chance of carrying the lethal allele, and the probability of the union’s producing a lethal combination would be 1/2 * 1/4 = 1/8. So, 1 is not the answer.) Discuss the possibility of undetected fatalities in utero in such matings. How would they affect your result?

Explain how a pathogen can escape your innate immune defenses.

Approximately 25% of human tumors are found to have activating mutations in Ras. How do these mutations contribute to the tumor development?

(30) The textbook discusses human blood typing (ABO) from both phenotypic and genotypic perspectives. If a particular red blood cell exhibits both the cell surface antigens designated glycoproteins A and B, we designated the blood type AB. This type of genetics is an example of multiple alleles and which of the following types of dominance?

(A) complete dominance (B) co-dominance

(C) partial dominance (D) non-dominance

Two different genes controlling pod morphology in peas are found on chromosome 5. The narrow pod trait is recessive to wide pods and yellow pods is recessive to green pods. A heterozygous plant is generated by mating a narrow green pod plant with a wide yellow pod plant. This plant was testcrossed and the following progeny were obtained. What is the linkage relationship between the two genes?

144 Narrow green pods , 150 wide yellow pods , 110 narrow yellow pods , 90 wide green pods

1. All of the following are true of receptor kinases except:

2. During protein synthesis, a protein is made in which direction?

3. What type of molecule is ATCAGCTAG?

4. In the lytic cycle:

5. Which of the following organisms would be expected to have the largest genome size?

6. For a protein to be inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane:

Your human body has two chemical messenger systems: Neurotransmitters and Hormones. 1) Where does each system primarily operate? 2) Which system is slower? 3) Briefly describe how the HPA axis uses three main structures to cause cortisol to be released into the bloodstream. 4) How does the HPA axis prevent itself from constantly releasing cortisol into the bloodstream once the threatening stimulus has gone away?

Explain the mechanism by which the signaling by the Epinephrine receptor is amplified inside the cell. And also explain the merit of signal amplification.