What might be a possible evolutionary explanation for the parasitic life-style seen in many lampreys considering they are agnaths?

1

We see an enormous diversity of eyes in Kingdom Animalia. Until recently it was postulated that eyes must have evolved at least 40 times independently. Explain how the discovery of Pax6 (and its homologs such as eyeless ) has overturned this idea in favor of genes for eye development being present in an ancestor to all bilateral organisms.

2

Using the mouse Pax6 gene as a baseline, determine the similarity of the homologous genes from the unknown species.

For each unknown species, determine the number of nucleotides that are different from the nucleotides found in the mouse sequence. There are 60 nucleotides in each sequence. To determine the percent similarity, subtract the number of different nucleotides from 60, divide the result by 60, and multiply by 100.

Can you think of any reasons why might your genotype not match your Phenotype on a taste test PCR?

Digitalis affects what protein?

A) potassium ion channels

b)ligand gated channels

c)sodium/potassium ATPase

d)calcium ATPase

e)sodium ion channels

What are structural differences between M1 pyruvate Kinase and Haemoglobin?

Consider these three adaptations: vascular tissue, seeds, flowers. From these three adaptations which one of these specific traits is the most important to the success as plants as a species on the planet?

1. Your explanation must include: what survival advantages each of the three adaptions lends to plants.

Explain how DNA is replicated.Be sure to include the enzymes involved in the process.

1A. Map out the correct chromosome map for four genes given the following information

X-Z = 18%X-G = 10%Z-Y=27%Z-G=28%X-Y=9%

1B. Hemophilia is a type of blood clotting disorder that is an example of a sex-linked (X-linked) recessively inherited trait. Polydactyly is an example of a dominantly inherited disorder, where individuals with the dominant allele have extra fingers or toes. Josh has the normal number of fingers and toes and has hemophilia. Josh is married to Olive. Olive does not have hemophilia but has 12 fingers and 14 toes. Olive’s father had hemophilia but has a normal number of fingers and toes.

What is the probability of Josh and Olive having a child with hemophilia and polydactyly?

Define the role of descriptive epidemiology.

Analyze specific host and environmental factors that may increase risk of disease susceptibility.

Distinguish between disease (outcome) status and exposure status variables

Describe the strengths of controlled clinic trials.

Distinguish between disease (outcome) status and exposure status variables.

of the three types of life cycles which one occurs in humans? what does it means?

which type of cell in an organism is diploid?

during prophase1 of meiosis1, an exchange of segments of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes occurs. what is that process called? what is the purpose of this process?

how is meiosis 2 similar to mitotic division? what are final products of meiosis?

. A double-stranded DNA molecule with the sequence shown here produces, in vivo, a polypeptide that is five amino acids long. TAC ATG ATC ATT TCA CGG AAT TTC TAG CAT GTA ATG TAC TAG TAA AGT GCC TTA AAG ATC GTA CAT a. Which strand of DNA is transcribed and in which direction? Support your response by indicating the 5 amino acid sequence that results when this transcript is translated. (2 pts) b. Label the 5’ and the 3’ ends of each strand in the original DNA molecule. (1 pt) c. If an inversion occurs between the second and third triplets, from the left and right ends, respectively, and the same strand of DNA is transcribed, how long will the resultant polypeptide be and what is its sequence? (Hint: rewrite the DNA molecule AFTER the inversion.) (3 pts) d. Assume that the original molecule is intact and that the bottom strand is transcribed from left to right. Give the base sequence, and label the 5’ and 3’ ends of the anticodon that inserts the fourth amino acid into the nascent polypeptide. What is this amino acid?

17. Which histone is required to compact the “beads on a string” chromatin into higher-order chromatin structures such as the 30 nm fiber?

18. Certain lysine amino acids (K’s) in the core histone tail can be acetylated. How would this chemical modification of the nucleosome affect the transcription of a gene?

19. Certain protein/protein complexes do not bind DNA, but regulate processes such as transcription and replication. These proteins can associate with the chromatin by recognizing chemical modifications in the core histone tails of the nucleosome. This process represents the “histone code”. Separately, a protein that folds into its three-dimensional functional structures can have different domains with different functions. Assume that a certain protein that increases transcription does not recognize a specific DNA sequence, but rather associates with acetylated lysine amino acids in the histone tails. What domain in this protein would allow it to associate with these acetylated lysine amino acids?