1. What is meant by a “house-keeping” gene? Why is performing PCR on these an important control in qPCR?

2. Will the relative transcript levels of a gene always be the same as corresponding protein levels? Discuss why or why not.

3. What is meant by real-time PCR? In your answer, explain the terms cycle threshold and SYBR green.

Which of the following is FALSE about the molecular structure of DNA?

Explain the CRISPR-Cas system in detail.

What process results in the removal of the glucosyl residue from the nonreducing end of the glycogen molecule by the addition of orthophosphate?

Group of answer choices

- phosphorolysis

- glycolysis

- dephosphorylation

- hydrolysis

- phosphorylation

Answer the statements based on oxidation of a fatty acid with the structure 14:0. Important: neither of your answers should be more than 2 digits.

For this fatty acid, add together the total number of NADH + FADH₂ produced from β-oxidation. Then, record the total.

For this fatty acid, add together the total number of NADH + FADH₂ produced from oxidation of the acetyl-CoA that enter into the citric acid cycle. Then, record the total

algae:
1 give a brief overview of the organism you have selected, include it's full scientific name how it is identified in the lab where it usually lives
2 what is the name of the human disease or illness this organism may cause what are the symptoms.
3 how is the disease or illness transmitted Are there specific test to detect the infection if so provide brief description.
4 do any treatments exist for this disease or illness , what are they

what are the types of antigen secreted by hookworm into a human body and what do they do?

Describe the structure and function of the AV valves, chordae tendinae, and papillary muscles in the human/sheep heart.

Fill in the blank.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by an X-linked recessive mutation in the DMD gene, which encodes the protein dystrophin. A female without the disease mates with a male with Duchenne muscular dystrophy; they have two sons and two daughters. The first son has the disease as does their first daughter.

Based on this, the probability that the second son will have the disease is________________

The probability that the second daughter will be a carrier is____________

Female lobsters lay 8,000-100,000 eggs each year and can live to be over 100 years old. Lobsters therefore have _______________ and ________________.

2. Why do cancer cells utilize glycolysis over respiration? The prevailing theory is that they choose to divert glycolytic intermediates into biosynthetic pathways in order to support cellular proliferation. Briefly describe two of these biosynthetic pathways, including the enzymes and metabolites involved, and any cancer-associated alterations (up-down-regulation).

*Please type answer, written answers are hard to read

Explain how the sickle cell mutation results in the symptoms of the disease?

1. ATP is needed to phosphorylate enzymes in the cascade pathway for glycogen phosphorylase. It also serves as an allosteric effector. A) Describe the effects of the cascade and the allosteric effects of ATP. B) If ATP levels are high, what is the most likely outcome for the activity of glycogen phosphorylase? Explain your reasoning.

Compare and contrast how antibodies and GFP fusion proteins work to localize proteins.