2. Consider where humans and other primates fall in the biological and behavioral continuums. What role does culture play in determining humans' position on that continuum? How important do you think culture is in distinguishing humans from other primate species?

Write a paragraph about the conncection between phobias and anxiety and how are they related?!

use the general activated sludge /anaerobic digestion model to set up biowin files

QUESTION 32 1. Organize the steps of the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment in the correct order:

(A) They treated each tube with a specific enzyme that would degrade one single type of chemical compound. (B) They examined what happened to the mice. (C) They identified the chemical nature of the transforming principle. (D) They took a mixture of the S Strain bacteria and broke the cells up and then separated the mixture into different tubes. (E) They added R strain bacteria to each of the tubes and then injected them to different mice.

a. EDCA b. DAEBC c. CDEA d. ABCDE

2 part problem.

The past couple of months have been hard for Doug and Stacy. Their first baby, Ryan, arrived five weeks early. Ryan stayed in the hospital for three weeks after he was born, because there were some issues with his lungs. Nevertheless, the doctors have assured Doug and Stacy that he will be fine. The first month at home has been exciting but stressful, and Doug and Stacy are just beginning to settle into their roles as new parents. For the past couple of days, baby Ryan has been irritable, and Stacy notices that he isn’t eating as much as usual. A day or so later, Ryan has a low fever and a slight cough, and he has been sneezing. Doug and Stacy notice a “raspy” sound when Ryan breathes. Worried that there might be problems related to Ryan’s earlier lung issues, they call Ryan’s pediatrician immediately.

Dr. Connors examines Ryan and collects a nasal wash (saline squirted into and immediately with- drawn from the nostril) to send for lab analysis. Noting Ryan’s labored breath sounds and his previous lung issues, Dr. Connors admits Ryan to the hospital so he can be monitored until the lab results return. The analysis of the nasal wash reveals that Ryan has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Doug and Stacy are scared by the diagnosis— Ryan’s been through so much already. Dr. Connors tells them that premature babies like Ryan are at risk for acquiring RSV infection; it is actually very common. The Centers for Disease Control and Pre- vention (CDC) estimates that almost all children become infected with RSV before their second birthday. There is no specific treatment for RSV, but because of Ryan’s medical history, Dr. Connors keeps Ryan in the hospital. Over the next couple of days, Ryan develops bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchi- oles). He is treated with supplemental oxygen and suctioning of mucus to help him breathe more easily. During the next 10 days, Ryan’s condition progressively improves, and he returns home, fully recovered.

1. The laboratory test used to identify RSV in Ryan's nasal wash is based on detecting RSV antigen in the sample. Describe one approach to identifying antigens in a sample from a patient.

2. Even though RSV infection in infants is common, a vaccine does not currently exist. Imagine you are designing a recombinant vaccine for RSV--what viral components would you use in your vaccine? Justify your choice.

QUESTION 29 1. In Avery, MacLeod and McCarty's experiment, what enzyme was present in the mixture of R & S Strain that when injected into the mice did not result in death?

a. Protease b. All the enzymes were present c. DNASE d. RNASE

QUESTION 31

1. Frederick Griffith's experiments resulted in which of the following novel findings?

1. Plants and animals both circulate nutrients, hormones, and other necessary molecules through their systems. Compare and contrast the circulatory systems of plants and animals (you can pick a specific animal or keep it at a generic level). Include the physical nature of the circulation (what structures facilitate circulation), what substances circulate, and what structures/ processes control where those substances end up.

7. You have identified a new species of nematode that you are interested in studying and understanding its early development. In particular, you want to know if the same factors responsible for establishing early differences between cells are the same between this nematode and C. elegans. You decide to take the approach of a genetic screen. Note: you find that these worms ARE NOT hermaphrodites and instead, males and females mate to produce offspring. Assume all genes you are studying exhibit normal Mendelian ratios of inheritance.

1. [2pts] Given what is known about early development in C. elegans (and most other organisms we discussed in class) what type of screen would you need to do

(Maternal Effect screen or Zygotic effect screen)

What are the physiological causes of two or three of the symptoms you chose, and how do they relate to the development and growth of the fetus?

Match the type of genetic cross to the expected Mendelian ratios that would result.

QUESTION 8 1. Are all bacteria competent for transformation?

a. Yes they are all competent b. No, some bacteria in nature can do it and in the lab scientists can force bacteria to be competent. o c. No and nothing can be done about it d. no only yeast are competent 10 points

QUESTION 9 1. Which enzyme "glues" DNA fragments together?

a. DNA Ligase b. DNA Recombinase c. all these enzymes d. DNA Reductase 10 points

QUESTION 10 1. Which of these is an example of xenotransplantaion

a. Using a pig retina to treat eye disease in a man b. Using stem cells to treat cancer c. cloning a pet d. Kidney donation from a father to a son

1- How the cancer is related to the cell cycle?

2- What are the general methodologies for cancer treatment?

3- Please describe the terms below: chromatin, chromosome, chromatid, centrosome.

4- What is the importance of meiosis and what are the main stages of the meiosis?

5- Please fill in blanks in the table

THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS

6- Please explain what the Human Genome Project is, and also explain the importance of the project.

7-What is gel electrophoresis? And explain how we can use this technology in forensic science.

8-Please explain how can a biochip, the one type in which used for a gene microarray, identify the precise form of cancer.

9-Please explain the Darwins’s Theory of Natural Selection in four steps.

10-

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a population’s allele and genotype frequencies are inherently stable, so please prove this theory by filling the table below (zygote genotype and its frequency) and generate the Hardy-Weinberg formula

1) When orchid fanciers reproduce orchids they call it meristeming. Do you suspect that they are producing orchids via sexual or asexual reproduction? How do you suspect they are producing more orchids?

2)Describe the process of rhizobial infection and nodule development in a legume root. When legumes are grown in soil that has excess nitrogen available it does not make root nodules. Why not?