The shape of an underlying coalescent tree directly determines:

a) the distribution of fitness effects

b) the site frequency spectrum

c) the effective population size

d) the mutation rate

Please explain how you got your answer:)

Many studies depend on eDNA to collect samples from aquatic environments because:

A. DNA disperses and remains free floating in a body of water

B. An electric current is run through water to collect negatively charged DNA

C. They are less likely to show false positives or false negatives

D. DNA clumps when in an aqueous solution and clumps are easy to collect

what is the fuction of these follwoing in Vector?

CMV promoter

SV 40 poly A

SV 40 origion

hGH poly A

f1 origion

Amp

neo

pUC

pBR322

kan

gene X

T7 promter

6xHis

LacO

ColE1 ori

M13 ori

Consider the principles you have been exposed to from the studies of Drosophila embryogenesis. This does NOT mean describe the stages of Drosophila embryogenesis. Another way to think of it is: taking into account what you’ve learned about Drosophila embryogenesis/development, what are some of the general rules or requirements of ALL development (not just Drosophila, but use Drosophila as an example in the supporting sentence.

an example would be Communication is essential. Could be between cells or between cells and the environment. This refers to the process of induction.

three principles that are simple and essential to Drosophila

using four good examples from different fields, discuss why a basic understanding of evolutionary biology has practical value for people who are not research biologists

A mutation replaces the original amino acid, leucine, with threonine in a large protein. The altered protein still functions, but less efficiently. What amino acid might replace leucine but with less effect on protein functions? What amino acid might replace leucine but with even a worse effect on the how the protein functions?

a) less effect if lysine; worse if alanine

b) less effect if methionine; worse if lysine

c) less effect if methionine; worse if alanine

d) less effect if glutamate; worse if lysine

e) less effect if lysine; worse if methionine

What is the purpose of 1% agarose gel electrophoresis? Why is TAE buffer used during this procedure?

The atmosphere acts as a reservoir

A Water cycle
B Carbon cycle
C Nitrogen cycle
D Phosphorus cycle
E None of them

F All cycles are correct.

I Have an assignment which is requiring to me to draw scientific correlations between 3-6 parameters of data collected.The data collected was in regards to BMI, height, weight, resting heart rates before and after exercise,Gender, wrist and waist circumference, postcode, air pollution and bushfires. For my scientific report and analysis I have decided to choose BMI and air pollution, but I don't know how to scatterplot or correlate the information valid for my investigation as there are so many variable to contribute to my correlation, for example BMI correlates with height, weight and gender and air pollution correlates with postcode, how do I collate all of this together to make clear correlations between BMI and Air pollution?

Outline (with words) the process of photosynthesis. Include the following forms of energy and molecules: sunlight; carbon dioxide; glucose (stored chemical energy); water; ATP; heat.

During Diabetic Ketosis when insulin is absent, fats are released and processed by Beta-oxidation. Which of the following statements are TRUE:

i) Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to create alpha-ketoglutarate and processed by the TCA cycle;
ii) in the absence of insulin there is a depletion of oxaloacetate and accumulation of Acetyl-CoA;
iii) Acetyl-CoA can feed into the formation ketone bodies and excess ketone body production can lower blood pH in diabetics.

Do every MHC class II molecule on a single dendritic cell present the same peptide fragment?

If steroids improve athletic performance and they occur naturally in our bodies, why is taking them any different from taking vitamin pills or other nutritional supplements? Consider the different roles that nutrients and hormones have in the human body and the systems they travel through? ( I will give 5 stars)