Name two major types of ionizing radiation that can cause DNA lesions. What are the two main types of lesion that ionizing radiation cause, and which type is double-strand breaks? What are four possible results of double-strand breaks?

What type of damage to DNA does aflatoxin cause? Where does it come from, and what must happen to it for it to become activated to cause DNA damage?

1. Deleterious alleles can be maintained in a population when carriers are protected against certain unrelated, but common disease. This situation is described as:

   A) Genetic drift B) Heterozygote advantage C) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium D) Polymorphism E) Genetic admixture

Give 4 examples of protists that exemplify the diversity of form and function in this group of organisms. Tell the name of the protist, its unique cellular structure, and its functional role in the ecosystem (i.e. where it lives, what/how it eats, etc.)

28) DNA fingerprinting utilizes _________

29) Bacteria perform a form of cell division called __________

30)Which level of protein structure involves the coiling of the polypeptide into an alpha helix?

35) If the frequency of 2 alleles in a population is p = 08 and q = 0.2, and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, then the frequency of homozygote recessive genotype is ____________

36) The majority of homeostatic processes in the human bodywork on the principle of positive feedback control (T / F)

37) Photosynthesis is not an example of an oxidation-reduction reaction

39) Which type of population age structure diagram is associated with low juvenile mortality and low reproductives rates?

40) Which organ system produces developmental hormones?

42) If one parent is heterozygous for a gene and the other parent is homozygous recessives for the same gene, what is the chance that they have a child showing the recessive form of the gene in their phenotype?

43) The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called the ______________

How can you tell if a population is going through demographic transition?

What are restriction enzymes, and why are they used in recombinant DNA technology?

Which insect mechanisms do you find most fascinating for either parasitizing or eating other organisms? Why? Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words

Interesting informaion about any of the non-homo hominins.  

13) Oncogenes are _____________

14) Mass extinction can result in adaptive radiations of new species through evolution (T / F)

16) A positively charged atom or molecule is called an anion (T / F)

17) The Light-Dependent step in photosynthesis is also known as the Calvin Cycle (T / F)

19) _________ leads to a +/0 interaction between 2 species

20) Introns are portions of the DNA that codes for a particular protein (T / F)

21) The biotechnology that involves the mixing of genes of different species is called ________ biotechnology

22) If the frequency of 2 alleles in a population is p = 0.8 and q = 0.2, what is the likely genotype frequencies? (Assume H-W equilibrium)

23) Chromosomal mutations that are the result of the molecule moving from one chromosome to another are called ________

24) Modern humans migrated out of Africa about 55000~85000 years ago (T / F)

1. Provide an example of a person with a particular blood type that should NOT donate to another person with a particular blood type. Make sure to include the immunology.

2. OUTLINE the reasons why treating a cancer patient with chemotherapy might make them more susceptible to infections.

1. Give an example of a microorganism showing Pathogenicity and an example of a microorganism showing high Virulence.

2. Some people may already be immune to a certain pathogen such that when they are exposed to that particular pathogen they don’t get sick. How does this observation affect Koch’s postulates? How might the postulates be modified to account for the existence people who already have immunity?

1. CONTRAST the following pairs of terms:

a) Sterilize and Disinfect

b) Sanitization and Antisepsis

c) Bactericide and Bacteriostatic

2. Briefly describe any THREE CATEGORIES (three modes of action) of antibacterial drugs. Make sure to tell how they work and how bacteria have become resistant to them.

Please correct if they are wrong

1. Define each of the following and tell why it is important in epidemiology:

Mortality Rate

Morbidity Rate

Notifiable infectious disease

2. Outline the concept of HERD IMMUNITY and explain how it played a role in the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918.

You begin working in a research lab on campus. In the lab's freezer you find a tube of preserved bacterial cells. You want to grow the cells, but you do not know what their nutritional requirements are. What type of growth medium would be best? Could someone please explain to me why this is the correct answer? I am still unsure on whether I fully understand complex and define (minimal) media as well.

Incorrect Minimal medium supplemented with only essential growth factors
Incorrect Complex medium supplemented with inorganic nitrogen
Correct: Complex medium supplemented with a variety of growth factors
Incorrect Minimal medium supplemented with minerals, a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source
Incorrect Minimal medium supplemented with a variety of growth factors