Galton (1869) was one of the first researchers to seriously study the creative person empirically. Do you agree with his observation that parents who are geniuses produced offspring’s who are geniuses? Also make argument that creativity can be trained (800 WORDS)                                                             

Please answer ALL questions:

If a man with sickle cell anemia has a child with a woman who is a carrier, what is the probability that their child will be a carrier?

A

25%

B

50%

C

75%

D

100%

If a man with sickle cell anemia has a child with a woman who is homozygous for the normal Hballele, what is the probability that their child will be sickle-cell anemic?

A

0%

B

25%

C

50%

D

100%

If a man with sickle cell anemia has a child with a woman who is homozygous for the normal Hballele, what is the probability that their child will be a carrier?

A

0%

B

25%

C

50%

D

100%

Your father has just been diagnosed with Huntington disease, an extremely rare dominant disorder. What are the chances that you will develop this disease when you hit midlife? (Hint: choose the parental genotypes based on the fact that the disease allele is extremely rare!).

A

0%

B

25%

C

50%

D

100%

1. What color are endospores following the spore stain? What is the purpose of using safranin?

2. What is meant by "vegetative cell" when performing the endospore stain?

3. Why is it important to use older cultures when performing the endospore stain?

4. What is the color of the capsule following the capsule stain?

5. What are the potential medical implications if the medical micro lab identifies a spore-forming bacterium from a patient specimen?

6. What is the purpose of inoculating two organisms when testing for motility?

7. How do you determine if the organism that has been cultured is motile?

8. Name one other method that could be used to determine motility.

Use the following list of the steps of cellular respiration to answer questions 28-33:

1. Glycolysis

2. The Intermediate Step

3. Krebs Cycle

4. Oxidative Phosphorylation

28. Which stage makes the most NADH and FADH2?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

29. Which stage(s) uses NADH and FADH2 that was made in the other steps?

a. 1 only

b. 1 & 2

c. 1, 2, & 3

d. 4 only

e. 1, 2, 3, & 4

30. Which stage makes the most ATP?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

31. Which stage(s) takes place in the mitochondria?

a. 1 only

b. 1 & 2

c. 1, 2, & 3

d. 4 only

e. 2, 3, & 4

32. Which stage(s) can happen without oxygen?

a. 1 only

b. 1 & 2

c. 1, 2, & 3

d. 4 only

e. 1, 2, 3, & 4

33. If glucose is broken down without oxygen (anaerobically), how many net ATP are made per glucose?

a. 2 ATP

b. 4 ATP

c. 24 ATP

d. 32 ATP

e. 36 ATP

How does the electron transport chain and ATP synthase generate ATP? Where does this occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Problem 5:

a. What do you think is the evolutionary advantage of having a celom?

b. Describe the main differences between protonephridia and metanephridia.

How does an activated receptor transfer information from a signal into the cell?

Select one:

a. By endocytosis of the signaling molecule with the receptor.

b. Through a conformational change of the receptor.

c. By increased expression of the receptor.

d. None of the other answer choices are correct.

e. More than one of the other answer choices is correct.

1) Figure 16.19 describes primary and secondary responses to antigen, indicate where a vaccination might be most effective, and also indicate where natural infection would play a role.

2) Describe the major histocompatibility complex, and explain how it participates in immune reactions.

3) Describe three circumstances that might cause antibodies to develop against self-tissues.

4) Why would it be necessary for the T cells to bind both antigen and self (MHC) receptors?

5) Describe the role of the following in immune system:

a. Dendritic cells

b. Macrophages

c. Neutrophils

d. Mast cells

e. Eosinophils

f. Natural Killer Cells

Most familiar types of mushrooms, along with puffballs and shelf fungi, are found in the Phylum ___________.

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Zygomycota

Glomeromycota

The distinctive flavor of certain cheeses is due to Fungi (and Bacteria).

True

False

A Mushroom is the vegetative reproductive Structure of Fungi in the Phylum _____.

Ascomycota

Zygomycota

Glomeromycota

Basidiomycota

Taxonomists classify Fungi based upon their Sexual Reproductive Structures.

True

False

Fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the root system of vascular plants are known as ______________.

Yeast

Mycorrhizae

Black Bread Mold

Morels

Truffels

A Puffball is a type of fungus found in the Phylum __________.

Glomeromycota

Basidiomycota

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Which Phylum is made up exclusively of Fungi that form symbioses with plant roots?

Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Basidiomycota

Phylum Glomeromycota

Phylum Zygomycota

__________ is used by companies to make bread rise and to produce alcohol.

Yeast

Bacteria

Plant cells

Water Mold

A Protozoan

Animal cells

Fungi

are similar to green plants because fungi produce chlorophyll.

and green plants have cells that are surrounded by a cell wall made of cellulose.

differ from members of the animal kingdom because fungi are autotrophic.

are similar to bacteria because fungi are composed of prokaryotic cells.

are similar to bacteria because fungi use extracellular digestion to obtain their nutrients.

QUESTION 12

1. For the lac operon to actively transcribe its genes, which of the following must happen?

   	a.	The absence of glucose leads to cAMP production, which binds to CAP, which then binds to the CAP site of the operon. Also, the presence of lactose leads to allolactose production, which binds to the lac repressor, preventing it from binding to the operator. RNA polymerase then binds to the promoter.
   	b.	The presence of glucose leads to cAMP production, which binds to CAP, which then binds to the CAP site of the operon. Also, the presence of lactose leads to allolactose production, which binds to the lac repressor, preventing it from binding to the operator. RNA polymerase then binds to the promoter.
   	c.	The absence of glucose leads to cAMP production, which binds to CAP, which then binds to the CAP site of the operon. Also, the absence of lactose leads to allolactose production, which binds to the lac repressor, preventing it from binding to the operator. RNA polymerase then binds to the promoter.
   	d.	The presence of glucose leads to cAMP production, which binds to CAP, which then binds to the CAP site of the operon. Also, the absence of lactose leads to allolactose production, which binds to the lac repressor, preventing it from binding to the operator. RNA polymerase then binds to the promoter.

When the receptor binds the trimeric G-proteins, it acts as a GEF for the alpha (α) subunit, forcing the alpha subunit to exchange its GDP for a GTP. GTP-binding by the α subunit causes it to dissociate from the Beta-Gamma subunits, leading to activation of both. If the receptor can’t bind the trimeric G-protein, the α subunit will remain in the GDP. In another scenario, it can be in an inactive state, and will remain bound to the Beta-Gamma subunits.

My question is can you put this in your own words? I got this from my powerpoint slides and were allowed to copy for the exam. However, I need it to be paraphase. Thanks.

Which of the following enzymes are commonly found within viral capsids???

A.)		DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
B.)		RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
C.)		Reverse Transcriptase
D.)		Telomerase
E.)		a, b and c

Comment on the results of each of these recent experiments in light of the Old Friends hypothesis:

a) A small group of Finnish children were matched at birth by age and relevant genotype, then followed to see if any developed autoantibodies typical of type I diabetes. Compared to matched healthy controls, the children who would develop T1D had markedly different gut microbiomes. Relative to those of matched healthy controls, rheir microbiomes were less diverse, more unstable, and became increasingly dominated by Bacteriodetes. In contrast, the healthy children increased their population of Firmicutes relative to Bacteriodetes as they got older.

b) Mice treated from birth with broad spectrum antibiotics and tested later in life had lower than normal gut expression of microbial pattern recognition molecules like TLR2, 4, and 5.

Which amino acid substitutions are most likely to affect structure/function of the protein?

Question 31 options:

	1) Lys --> Arg
	2) Leu --> Ile
	3) Arg --> Glu
	4) Ser --> Thr

Drug A acts by competing with substrate S of the target enzyme. Drug B acts by binding only to the ES complex to form ESB (inactive). If the levels of A and B are fixed, an increase in level S (check all that applied)

Question 35 options:

	1) will increase the degree of inhibition by drug A.
	2) will decrease the degree of inhibition by drug A.
	3) will increase the degree of inhibition by drug B.
	4) will decrease the degree of inhibition by drug B.

How many fragments will result from trypsin cleavage of the following peptide?
Asp-Leu-Gln-Arg-Ile-Ala-Met-Trp-Phe-Lys-Gln-Met-Asp-Arg

Question 37 options:

	1) 1
	2) 2
	3) 3
	4) 4.

Glucose phosphorylation can be catalyzed by glucokinase or hexokinase. Glucokinase has a Km value of 20.0 mM, whereas hexokinase has a Km value of 0.2 mM. Which of the following statement is true? (check all that applied)

Question 39 options:

	1) hexokinase acts on glucose at a lower concentration.
	2) hexokinase acts at about half-maximal velocity at glucose concentrations of 10-11 mM.
	3) hexokinase acts on glucose only at a higher levels of glucose.
	4) glucokinase acts on glucose only at a higher glucose concentration.
	5) glucokinase phosphorylates most of the glucose at low glucose levels.

Which of the following is true?

Question 40 options:

	1) Enzymes that obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics have a sigmodial plot of reaction rate vs. substrate concentration
	2) Allosteric enzymes have a hyperbolic plot of reaction rate vs. substrate concentration.
	3) Michaelis-Menten kinetics describe the reactions of allosteric enzymes.
	4) Allosteric enzymes are important in the regulation of metabolic pathways.

When designing primers for PCR, scientists often compare the primer sequence to database sequence. This is to ensure that the sequence

Question 46 options:

	1) has a maximum number of homologous sequences
	2) absents from the database
	3) aligns with several different sequences
	4) aligns with a single sequence

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction that obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics, which pair of graphs would illustrate competitive inhibition?
  

Question 47 options:

	1) unable to determine from the infomation provided
	2) plots 1 &3
	3) plots 2 & 4
	4) plots 1 & 4
	5) plots 2 & 3

Facilitated diffusion of membrane transport (check all that applied)

Question 48 options:

	1) requires coupling to ATP hydrolysis.
	2) requires a carrier protein.
	3) is driven by a difference in solute concentration.
	4) is an endergonic process.
	5) requires that the solute be uncharged.

14A. Suppose a population of flour beetles has 10,000 individuals. There are two alleles possible for the gene that determines body color: red (B), and black (b). BB and Bb beetles are red, while bb individuals are black. Assume the population is at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with equal frequencies of the two alleles.

What would be the expected frequency of red beetles?

14B. What would be the expected frequency of black beetles in the population as described in A?

14C. Assuming that Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium remains in effect, what would be the expected frequencies of BB, Bb, and bb individuals after 100 generations?

BB = 0.5, bb = 0.5

Bb = 0.75 bb = 0.25

BB = 0.75 bb = 0.25

BB = 0.25, Bb = 0.5, bb = 0.25

The answer cannot be determined.

14D. What would be the expected red (B) allele frequency if 10,000 black individuals migrated into the population?

14E. What would be the expected black (b) allele frequency after the migration described in part D?

14F. Violation of what two Hardy-Weinberg assumptions could return the population to the original allele frequencies (described in A)? Briefly explain how each violation would return the population to the original allele frequencies in 1-2 sentences (each).