Please give a detailed response and describe how T cells coordinate the specific humoral immune response. Then describe how T cells coordinate the specific cell mediated immune response. For both, be sure to discuss all receptors involved, interleukins, all cell interactions and cell types.

Design an experiment that tests the effect of body temperature on the aerobic capacity in an animal of your choice. What variables would you measure, and how? Include detail about experimental design and instrumentation, to show your understanding of how data are acquired. Present hypothetical data (in graphical form), which support your predictions. Make sure to label your graphs accurately and precisely, and use reasonable values (and units) for parameters measured.

Air-breathing insects and vertebrates rely on aerobic metabolism for sustained production of ATP, but they effect oxygen supply by completely different means. Using two species of your choice (one for each taxon), compare and contrast the way these two groups deliver O2 from the environment to their tissues. Consider the scaling laws for the gas transport cascade and explain why there are no insects larger than 100g, but there are plenty vertebrates larger than that.

Regarding the electron transport chain, are all of the complexes within the chain integral? Specifically, is complex 2 integral or peripheral? Some images display it as integral, meaning that it does enter the membrane but doesn't span the entirety of it like a transmembrane protein. These different images confuse me, so I'm hoping to get some clarification.

Can someone please compare and contrast sRNA regulators that act in trans and riboswitches?

Maintenance of a relatively high and stable body temperature is considered a hallmark of endothermy. How is it achieved and supported? Endothermy comes with considerable benefits, but also at a steep cost. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being endothermic? Explain in detail. Provide a hypothetical scenario (including specific physiologic modifications) how endothermy might have evolved in a vertebrate taxon from an ectothermic ancestor

Why is actively translated mRNA more stable in the cytoplasm, whereas non actively translated mRNA is rapidly degraded?

Maintenance of a relatively high and stable body temperature is considered a hallmark of endothermy. How is it achieved and supported? Endothermy comes with considerable benefits, but also at a steep cost. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being endothermic? Explain in detail. Provide a hypothetical scenario (including specific physiologic modifications) how endothermy might have evolved in a vertebrate taxon from an ectothermic ancestor

Imagine that you are studying the metabolism of a baby who is feeding on breast milk. You are going to compare the catabolism of two molecules of galactose from the lactose in milk with the catabolism of two molecules of leucine from the casein of milk.

1. Detail the catabolic path * for the molecules until their final oxidation in CO2 + urea.

2. It includes all the reactions that are carried out and the enzymes that they catalyze.

3. Include the molecular structure and the name of all the intermediaries.

4. All of them must be intertwined. Use different colors for reactions that are (a) only from galactose catabolism (b) only from leucine catabolism and (3) common to both.

5. Finally, detail the net ATP gain from the complete oxidation of each of the molecules. (Include payment for making the urea molecule.)