What is fitness? Explain why fitness involves all your relatives, not just your offspring.

Question 46 options:

Antibodies carrying fluorescent dyes can be used to tag proteins in a process termed ( indirect or direct) immunofluorescence. Choose one in bold

Coliforms in a water sample indicate __________ contamination.

Question 76 options:

Which of the following is NOT an example of direct person-to-person disease transmission?

Question 79 options:

Question 80 (1.25 points)

Which pathogen is NOT matched with the correct disease?

Question 80 options:

The human microbiome can best be defined as?

Question 82 options:

Question 83 (1 point)

Suzie contracted chlamydia after having unprotected sex. This would be an example of…

Question 83 options:

Hello,

please try to answer it as accurate as you can because answer accuracy is the most important.

1_Before a cell undergoes mitotic cell division:

a)what has to happen first, regarding its DNA?

b)If (what you wrote in 2a) didn’t happen, what problem would arise?

2_There are some cells which after they mature (fully differentiate into their specific cell type) never undergo division (such as heart muscle cells) again. These cells are in what phase? _________

3_How are phosphates involved in regulating the activity of a cyclin dependent kinase (Cdks)?

4_ How does cytochrome c initiate apoptosis? What are the roles of Bax and Bak in this initiation? How does Bcl affect apoptosis?

Briefly give an evolutionary argument for human testes, our inability to make vitamin C, and our eyes. (NOTE: Not a description of each evolutionary development in the question)

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with strong environmental/lifestyle component. On the other hand, it is believed that obesity also is having significant genetic component. Describe different lines of evidences pointing toward the importance of the genetic component in the obesity (10 points).

Mitchell MD, Chivers DP, Brown GE, Ferrari MCO. 2016. Living on the edge: How does environmental risk affect the behavioural and cognitive ecology of prey? Anim Behav. 115: 185-192. Greig EI and Webster MS. 2014. How do novel signals originate? The evolution of fairy-wren songs from predator to display contexts. Anim Behav. 88: 57-65. Petrů M, Špinka M, Charvátová V, Lhota S. 2009. Revisiting play elements and self-handicapping in play: A comparative ethogram of five Old World monkey species. J Comp Psychol. 123(3): 250-263.

1. What two studies examined proximate causes of behaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support your answer?

2. What two studies examined ultimate causes of behaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support your answer?

3. Which of the above (1 only) studies examines the evolution of a behaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support your answer?

select o5 group of multicellular algae, and describe its life cycle.

select one group of multicellular algae, and describe its life cycle.

Create a table of the following Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases:

4) Tularemia

5) Toxoplasmosis

6) Plague

7) Dengue fever

8) Infectious Mononucleosis

9) Ebola

10) Lyme disease

11) Cytomegalovirus Disease

Create columns as shown below:

Why might the relationship between Disturbance and Species Composition be MORE IMPORTANT than Species Richness to a Conservation Biologist?

In context of thermoregulation, which statement is FALSE?

a) Surface area increases roughly linearly with age, until development is complete

b) Heat dissipation is dependent on surface area

c) A hot climate is a challenge for animals with a small surface area/mass

ratio

d) Weight/mass increases as the square of height

e) The surface area /mass ratio of a male with SA=2.10m2, height=1.88m

and weight=81kg, is approximately 259 cm2/kg

Scenario: you isolate a new drug that seems to be particularly effective at inhibiting a metabolic pathway in tumor cells. You want to do an experiment that compares global changes in the number and types of different proteins in cells that are treated with the compound vs. untreated cells. how can this be accomplished experimentally.

( upper division biochemistry lab)

This is the time in the year where people are encouraged to receive a vaccination for influenza (flu). Flu in humans is caused by the influenza virus of which there are several strains. Strains A and B are the most important in causing flu in humans. Since strain A has been studied more, and A and B are similar, use strain A for your answers.

How does the flu virus enter human cells? This question refers to entering individual cells rather than entering the body.

How are the viral genes expressed? How does the virus get its own genes transcribed and translated in the host cell?

How do new progeny viral particles leave the host cell?

1a)Describe the structure of the flu virus capsid and the type of nucleic acid enclosed within the capsid. What else is contained in the capsid?

1b) How does the flu virus replicate its genome?