A promoter is ______.

Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?

Explain the concept of Hebbian modification of synapses and why it is important both to brain development and memory formation.

Describe three ways to tell if a specific neurotransmitter is synthesized and stored in a particular neuron.

write about
What is genetic variation (diversity)
Then types of variation ( gene flow, mutation evolution eyc)
Then explain each type with examples

Consider the following allele frequencies for three SNPs

Write down all possible 27 genotypes for these three SNPs.

Can someone please help me? Showing all the steps. I don't know what to do. Thank you! This is all that is provided

Indicate whether each of the following statements (a-e) is TRUE or FALSE.  If you think a statement is FALSE, explain why. (10 pts)

a.  TRUE / FALSE  Graft rejection is mediated by pre-existing host T cell effectors and antibodies specific for antigens on the grafted tissue.

b.  TRUE / FALSE  Allogeneic grafts between individuals with identical HLA genes will be accepted.

c.  TRUE / FALSE    Your parents are generally going to be your best source of tissues if you need a transplant.

d.  TRUE / FALSE    Graft rejection only occurs when alloantigens from the grafted tissue are picked-up by recipient APCs and presented to recipient T cells.

e. TRUE / FALSE   In Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) innate cells from the grafted tissue recognize host alloantigens and begin attacking host tissues.

1. A pea plant with genotype TtggFFRr is test corssed.

A) What is the genotype of the test parent ?  

B) What would be the probability of offspring with genotype ttggFfrr ?

A cell is LEAST likely to require a transport protein to move which of the following molecules across its membrane?:

(A) Sucrose

(B) Hydrogen ions

(C) Carbon dioxide

(D) Chloride ions

Although mitosis and meiosis share some similarities, they differ in several significant ways. In an essay of between 100-150 words, give one purpose of mitosis and one purpose of meiosis. Explain why these purposes are important

Ebola virus is a virus that is frequently and rapidly lethal in humans. The envelopes around particles of Ebola virus are studded with a viral glycoprotein (GP). Researchers hypothesized that, to enter a human cell, GP molecules must be cleaved by a protease enzyme, after which they bind with a protein called NPC1 in the human cell membrane. Reptile cells do not normally express the NPC1 protein, but the researchers modified some reptile cells to express NPC1. They then exposed the unmodified and modified cells to Ebola virus, both in the presence of a protease inhibitor that prevents GP cleavage, and without that inhibitor present. They then measured the frequency at which Ebola viruses infected the cells. These treatments are summarized below. I. Unmodified reptile cells, protease inhibitor absent II. Unmodified reptile cells, protease inhibitor present III. Modified reptile cells, protease inhibitor absent IV. Modified reptile cells, protease inhibitor present V. Unmodified human cells, protease inhibitor absent Of the following, which is a correct reason for including group V? :

(A) If the virus cannot enter group V but can enter group III, it shows that GP cleavage is not necessary for infection.

(B) If the virus can enter group V but cannot enter group IV, it shows that NPC1 is necessary for infection.

(C) If the virus can enter group V but cannot enter groups I, II, III, or IV, it shows that both GP cleavage and NPC1 are necessary for infection.

(D) Group V is a positive control.

A brown-eyed, right-handed man marries a blue-eyed, right-handed woman. Their first child is blue-eyed and left-handed. What are the chances of having another child who is blue-eyed and left-handed?

A) 25

B) 12.5

C) 75

D) 50

1.     How does each of your mutations affect the amino acid sequences? Are the mutations missense mutations, silent mutations or nonsense mutations?

a.     Point mutation?

b.     Frameshift-insertion?

c.     Frameshift-deletion?

2.     What differences did you notice between the point mutation and the frameshift mutations?

3.     Is it possible to determine the DNA sequence from the following amino acid sequence?: Leu Pro Arg. Why or Why not?

References:

Complete the following statements to describe how independent assortment contributes to genetic variation. Not all choices will be used.

During independent assortment, ____________ chromosomes separate.

This separation is ____________ ; it is due to their alignment down the metaphase plate.

The maternal or paternal homologue may be oriented toward either ____________ .

This randomized separation aids in genetic ____________ for offspring.

This variation helps in the long-term ____________ of the species.

Word Bank:

Complete the following statements of how meiosis increases genetic variation. Not all choices will be used.

Two events within meiosis increase variability. During prophase I, ____________ and crossing-over occurs.

This event allows for ____________ to break and rejoin.

This results in two chromosomes with a different combination of ____________ than they had before.

During metaphase I, homologous pairs align ____________ at a cell's equator.

This results in random separation of maternal and paternal chromosomes when the cell divides, creating ____________ combinations of final chromosome combinations in human cells.

Word Bank:

Complete the following statements to describe the differences between chromosomes and chromatin. Not all choices will be used.

Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell is typically arranged as ____________ , or long tangled collections of DNA and proteins.

During cell division, this DNA condenses into tightly coiled structures to form ____________ .

Humans have 46 of these; 22 of these pairs are called the ____________ and one pair is called the ____________ chromosomes.

These ____________ chromosomes control gender. Males have ____________ X chromosome and a Y chromosome, while females have ____________ X chromosomes.

Word Bank:

Complete the following statements to describe the differences between chromosomes and chromatin. Not all choices will be used.

Duplicated chromosomes called ____________ chromatids, contain the same genes.

They are held together by a region called the ____________ .

The chromatids remain together until a phase within mitosis, where the ____________ splits.

At this point, the chromatids separate and two individual ____________ chromosomes are fully formed.

Word Bank: