Question

Complete the following statements to describe how independent assortment contributes to genetic variation. Not all choices will be used.

During independent assortment, ____________ chromosomes separate.

This separation is ____________ ; it is due to their alignment down the metaphase plate.

The maternal or paternal homologue may be oriented toward either ____________ .

This randomized separation aids in genetic ____________ for offspring.

This variation helps in the long-term ____________ of the species.

Word Bank:

extinction	non-sister	Survival
homologous	Plate	Variation
identical	pole	random

Complete the following statements of how meiosis increases genetic variation. Not all choices will be used.

Two events within meiosis increase variability. During prophase I, ____________ and crossing-over occurs.

This event allows for ____________ to break and rejoin.

This results in two chromosomes with a different combination of ____________ than they had before.

During metaphase I, homologous pairs align ____________ at a cell's equator.

This results in random separation of maternal and paternal chromosomes when the cell divides, creating ____________ combinations of final chromosome combinations in human cells.

Word Bank:

autosomes	8	independently	synapsis
6.02 x 10²³	dependently	maternal and paternal	nonsister chromatids
64	genes	sister chromatids	2²³

Complete the following statements to describe the differences between chromosomes and chromatin. Not all choices will be used.

Genetic material within the nucleus of a cell is typically arranged as ____________ , or long tangled collections of DNA and proteins.

During cell division, this DNA condenses into tightly coiled structures to form ____________ .

Humans have 46 of these; 22 of these pairs are called the ____________ and one pair is called the ____________ chromosomes.

These ____________ chromosomes control gender. Males have ____________ X chromosome and a Y chromosome, while females have ____________ X chromosomes.

Word Bank:

autosomes	determinate	two
chromatin	one
chromosomes	sex

Complete the following statements to describe the differences between chromosomes and chromatin. Not all choices will be used.

Duplicated chromosomes called ____________ chromatids, contain the same genes.

They are held together by a region called the ____________ .

The chromatids remain together until a phase within mitosis, where the ____________ splits.

At this point, the chromatids separate and two individual ____________ chromosomes are fully formed.

Word Bank:

brother	daughter	centromere
sister	center point

Answer 1

Answer. During the independent assortment..

Please consider answer to the fill ups in a serial order as

Homologous

Identical

Pole

Variation

Survival

Independent assortment occurs during the gamete formation. Due the meiosis, genes are shuffled,thus helps in bringing variation in the genes.

Answer. Two events within meiosis..

Synapses

Maternal and paternal chromosomes

Genes

Independently

2²³

Meiosis is also known as the reductional division confined to the formation of gametes. It is divided into the Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I is a reductional division which starts with the Prophase I, the third stage of this is Pachytene where the synapses and crossing over occurs between the homologous chromosomes. Later, metaphase I, anaphase I and telophase I proceeds, to form 2 haploid daughter cells. Finally, meiosis II occurs which is similar to the mitosis and its phases. At last, 4 gametes are formed with haploid number of chromosomes.

Answer. Genetic material within the nucleus..

Chromatin

Chromosomes

Autosomes

Sex

Sex

OneX

Two X

When a cell is non dividing, the genetic material is present in the form of dispersed threads called chromatin, it condenses to form chromosomes as the cell starts the division. Human beings have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes. Out of these, 22 pairs are autosomal and 1 pair of the sex chromosomes. Males have XY and females have XX as the sex chromosomes. Males determine the sex because of heterogametic condition.

Answer. Duplicated chromosomes..

Sister

Centromere

Center point

Daughter

The chromosomal Arms are known as the chromatids, joined at the centre by the centromere. 2 arms in a chromosome are nearby forming the sister chromatids and these separate during the mitotic anaphase.