44. Which media/tests can be used to exhibit gas production?

1. Citrate
2. PRG
3. TSI
4. A and B
5. B and C

What are two main types of changes that have occurred in the evolution of primate teeth from the primitive mammalian pattern?

Explain why teeth are so important in evolutionary and functional studies

what are two important ways to classify tooth form

what are five limiting factors that would control the population density of weeds?

briefly describe the events in translation

How are Cdks activated? Be sure to include in your answer the roles of:
a) Cyclin
b) CAK

A nonscientist friend of yours asks how findings in a wormorfly can be relevant to human biology. Explain to your friend the importance of model organisms in molecular biology research.

1. Compare and contast one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins.

2. You have purified a protein. When you subject it to SDS-PAGE, two bands are seen. Provide a possible explanation and describe how you could test your hypothesis.

3. Compare and contrast the steps in production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.

4. A chromatographic column in which oligo-dT is linked to an inert substance is useful in separating eukaryotic mRNA from other RNA molecules. On what principle does this column operate?

5. You plan to use the polymerase chain reaction to amplify part of the DNA sequence shown below, using oligonucleotide primers that are hexamers matching the regions shown in red. (In practice, hexamers are too short for most purposes). State the sequence of the primer oligonucleotides that should be used, including their polarity (5?3?), and give the sequence of the DNA molecule that results from amplification.

5?-TAGGCATGCAATGGTAATTTTTCAGGAACCAGGGCCCTTAAGCCGTAGGCAT-3? 3?-ATCGGTACGTTACCATTAAAAACTCCTTGGTCCCGGGAATTCGGCATCGGTA-5?

6. Complete the incomplete diagrams below to show the key structural difference between an NTP, dNTP, and ddNTP (e.g., CTP, dCTP, ddCTP).

What do “d” and “dd” stand for?

Explain why ddNTPs are called "chain terminators" in DNA sequencing reactions.

What is the processing leaf litter (steps) in first-order streams?

Kainic acid was one of the first compounds used to model TLE in rodents. What is(are) its molecular target(s) and how would this compound lead to seizures?

Antibody titer is a measure of activity, not actual concentration. Explain why titer is a measure of activity, not a concentration. Please use the following example: You have anti-sheep red blood cells from two different companies, both with the same concentration, but one has a high titer and one with a low titer.

Is the cytosol and intermembrane space of the nuclear envelope topologically equivalent?

Explain the difference between nonspecific binding and specific binding using an indirect ELISA as an example. For this assay, assume that you are determining the titer of antibody against BSA.

You bind BSA to wells of a microtiter plate, add a dilution series of the antibody in question across the wells of the plate, then detect that antibody with an enzyme-conjugated antibody/chromogenic substrate pair.

Disruption or elimination of normal microbiota may lead to disease. Explain with examples.

Thank you for your help!

Oxidative phosphorylation is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT:

a. an intact mitochondrial membrane

b. the activity of ATP-ADP translocase

c. the reduction-oxidation state of iron

d. the reduction of oxygen

e. there are no exceptions. It is dependent on all A-D.

How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to mitosis and meiosis be useful to you as a healthcare professional? (20 points)