Can someone please compare and contrast sRNA regulators that act in trans and riboswitches?

Maintenance of a relatively high and stable body temperature is considered a hallmark of endothermy. How is it achieved and supported? Endothermy comes with considerable benefits, but also at a steep cost. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being endothermic? Explain in detail. Provide a hypothetical scenario (including specific physiologic modifications) how endothermy might have evolved in a vertebrate taxon from an ectothermic ancestor

Why is actively translated mRNA more stable in the cytoplasm, whereas non actively translated mRNA is rapidly degraded?

Maintenance of a relatively high and stable body temperature is considered a hallmark of endothermy. How is it achieved and supported? Endothermy comes with considerable benefits, but also at a steep cost. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being endothermic? Explain in detail. Provide a hypothetical scenario (including specific physiologic modifications) how endothermy might have evolved in a vertebrate taxon from an ectothermic ancestor

Imagine that you are studying the metabolism of a baby who is feeding on breast milk. You are going to compare the catabolism of two molecules of galactose from the lactose in milk with the catabolism of two molecules of leucine from the casein of milk.

1. Detail the catabolic path * for the molecules until their final oxidation in CO2 + urea.

2. It includes all the reactions that are carried out and the enzymes that they catalyze.

3. Include the molecular structure and the name of all the intermediaries.

4. All of them must be intertwined. Use different colors for reactions that are (a) only from galactose catabolism (b) only from leucine catabolism and (3) common to both.

5. Finally, detail the net ATP gain from the complete oxidation of each of the molecules. (Include payment for making the urea molecule.)

2. Consider where humans and other primates fall in the biological and behavioral continuums. What role does culture play in determining humans' position on that continuum? How important do you think culture is in distinguishing humans from other primate species?

Write a paragraph about the conncection between phobias and anxiety and how are they related?!

use the general activated sludge /anaerobic digestion model to set up biowin files

QUESTION 32 1. Organize the steps of the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment in the correct order:

(A) They treated each tube with a specific enzyme that would degrade one single type of chemical compound. (B) They examined what happened to the mice. (C) They identified the chemical nature of the transforming principle. (D) They took a mixture of the S Strain bacteria and broke the cells up and then separated the mixture into different tubes. (E) They added R strain bacteria to each of the tubes and then injected them to different mice.

a. EDCA b. DAEBC c. CDEA d. ABCDE

2 part problem.

The past couple of months have been hard for Doug and Stacy. Their first baby, Ryan, arrived five weeks early. Ryan stayed in the hospital for three weeks after he was born, because there were some issues with his lungs. Nevertheless, the doctors have assured Doug and Stacy that he will be fine. The first month at home has been exciting but stressful, and Doug and Stacy are just beginning to settle into their roles as new parents. For the past couple of days, baby Ryan has been irritable, and Stacy notices that he isn’t eating as much as usual. A day or so later, Ryan has a low fever and a slight cough, and he has been sneezing. Doug and Stacy notice a “raspy” sound when Ryan breathes. Worried that there might be problems related to Ryan’s earlier lung issues, they call Ryan’s pediatrician immediately.

Dr. Connors examines Ryan and collects a nasal wash (saline squirted into and immediately with- drawn from the nostril) to send for lab analysis. Noting Ryan’s labored breath sounds and his previous lung issues, Dr. Connors admits Ryan to the hospital so he can be monitored until the lab results return. The analysis of the nasal wash reveals that Ryan has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Doug and Stacy are scared by the diagnosis— Ryan’s been through so much already. Dr. Connors tells them that premature babies like Ryan are at risk for acquiring RSV infection; it is actually very common. The Centers for Disease Control and Pre- vention (CDC) estimates that almost all children become infected with RSV before their second birthday. There is no specific treatment for RSV, but because of Ryan’s medical history, Dr. Connors keeps Ryan in the hospital. Over the next couple of days, Ryan develops bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchi- oles). He is treated with supplemental oxygen and suctioning of mucus to help him breathe more easily. During the next 10 days, Ryan’s condition progressively improves, and he returns home, fully recovered.

1. The laboratory test used to identify RSV in Ryan's nasal wash is based on detecting RSV antigen in the sample. Describe one approach to identifying antigens in a sample from a patient.

2. Even though RSV infection in infants is common, a vaccine does not currently exist. Imagine you are designing a recombinant vaccine for RSV--what viral components would you use in your vaccine? Justify your choice.

QUESTION 29 1. In Avery, MacLeod and McCarty's experiment, what enzyme was present in the mixture of R & S Strain that when injected into the mice did not result in death?

a. Protease b. All the enzymes were present c. DNASE d. RNASE

QUESTION 31

1. Frederick Griffith's experiments resulted in which of the following novel findings?

1. Plants and animals both circulate nutrients, hormones, and other necessary molecules through their systems. Compare and contrast the circulatory systems of plants and animals (you can pick a specific animal or keep it at a generic level). Include the physical nature of the circulation (what structures facilitate circulation), what substances circulate, and what structures/ processes control where those substances end up.

7. You have identified a new species of nematode that you are interested in studying and understanding its early development. In particular, you want to know if the same factors responsible for establishing early differences between cells are the same between this nematode and C. elegans. You decide to take the approach of a genetic screen. Note: you find that these worms ARE NOT hermaphrodites and instead, males and females mate to produce offspring. Assume all genes you are studying exhibit normal Mendelian ratios of inheritance.

1. [2pts] Given what is known about early development in C. elegans (and most other organisms we discussed in class) what type of screen would you need to do

(Maternal Effect screen or Zygotic effect screen)

What are the physiological causes of two or three of the symptoms you chose, and how do they relate to the development and growth of the fetus?