Describe the 3 different polymers that make the cytoskeleton and explain their differences and similarities

One of the central principles of Biology is the relationship between structure and function. Discuss structure/function relationship in biological membranes. Describe what they are made of, what are their functions and use examples to make the link between structure and function. Emphasis should be placed on aspects of membrane permeability

What is gene control and why is gene control important?

explain why cellular signaling is crucial in biology. You will make sure to mention what are the two basic signaling switches and what is the general flow of signaling in a cell

Describe how subunit cooperativity works in the binding of O₂ to hemoglobin in the lungs and the release of O₂ in the tissues. Include in your response the benefit of subunit cooperativity.

20. How are rayfinned fishes different from fleshy finned fishes? What were distal phalanges probably first used for?

Be able to determine the possible genotypes based on a person’s phenotype. (For example: Suppose a person expresses tongue-rolling, a dominant trait, in his phenotype. What are his/her possible genotypes?)

Name and describe the three different classifications of (CH2O)n

A fly was found that had two mutations, Q&Z. Reciprocal crosses between wild type flies and Q&Z mutants gave all Q&Z mutant F1 progeny in all cases. These results suggest that the Q&Z mutations have an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The genes X, Q, and Z appear to be linked. To map the genes the following crosses were done. A homozygous Q, Z mutant female was crossed to a homozygous X mutant males shown in the diagram below. X, Q, Z mutant females from the F1 generation were then crossed to homozygous, wildtype males. X, Q, and Z are dominant mutations. There were 8 different types of F2 progeny produced from this cross as listed in the table below. Using this information and that given above provide the information requested below.

1st complete the cross diagram below for this cross showing the complete genotypes for all of the flies, using standard conventions.

P: X x Q, Z Genotypes:

↓

F1 : X, Q, Z Genotype

↓

    X,Q,Z x +++ Genotypes:

↓

F2 Genotypes:

2nd- Complete the table and necessary information below.

3rd - On the line below, indicate the relative positions of the loci and the map distances between them in map units.

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1. All are linked to the electron-transport chain through Complex I accepting electrons from NADH EXCEPT:

a. gluconeogenesis

b. glycolysis

c. citric acid cycle

2. All are characteristics of the ATP synthase mechanism EXCEPT:

a. one site is empty (O-site)

b. one site contains ADP and Pi (L-site)

c. energy-driven conformational changes convert T-sites to O-sites

d. T-sites bind ATP

e. none of the above

d. all are true