Pink is the phenotype from the expression of a heterozygous genotype in flowers that exhibit incomplete dominance. Red and white flowers result from the two homozygous genotypes.

10. What would be the probability of getting pink flowered plants from a cross between two pink flowered plants?

11. Is there any chance of red or white flowers from a cross of two pink flowered plants? Explain your answer.

12. Explain how recombination during meiosis contributes to genetic diversity in offspring.

13. Why are females often carriers of X-linked recessive traits, but do not show the trait as often as males?

14. Why would cancer be considered a disease that is multifactorial?

Describe how positive and negative controls regulate the cell cycle. Your response should include a definition of positive and negative control, and an example of each

Explain the different steps leading a 7 pass transmembrane receptor protein being exposed on the plasma membrane. You will start as the mRNA encoding for this protein was just exported outside of the nucleus.

explain what X inactivation is in Calico cats and how it could affect gene expression in a multicellular organism.

We respect Dr. Trudeau and all those earlier scientists who did the best they could within the contemporary understanding of the problem they addressed and utilizing the materials and technology they had at hand. Modern-day biologists like to talk about resistance/susceptibility genes and patterns of inheritance, rather than family blood. They think about infectious disease in terms of microbes and pathogenicity, rather than speaking of bad humors. They have identified vitamins and other nutrients that are abundant in some foodstuffs and lacking in other that are essential for optimal immune function. Without the benefit of such modern formulations, Dr. Trudeau, by a disciplined application of scientific curiosity and careful, clever methodology, shed light on each of these concerns, light that helped to illuminate the minds of scientists who came after. Still, a look at his original paper leaves us wondering, were the rabbits genetically identical? Probably not! Why? Were they all of the same sex and age? Couldn’t he have given the animals kept on short rations just a smaller amount of the same varieties of food available to the animals fed abundantly—after all, there might be some important nutrient missing in potatoes. In light of the title of the paper, why not measure bacterial numbers in the rabbits on post mortem rather than just survival time? (In a subsequent paper, he did exactly that.) Once you start critiquing an experiment from 100 years ago, or 10 years ago, or sometimes even last year, it’s hard to stop. Can you think of anything else you would have changed about the Rabbit Island Experiment?

Explain what epigenetics is. Give examples of specific molecular mechanisms at play

Briefly summarize the central dogma and indicate where gene expression can be controlled along the way.

Explain the regulation of the trp operon by the 5' end of the mRNA when tryptophan is low vs high.

Which is common feature shared between the GG-subunit of a G-protein complex and the c-ras protein?

Select one:

a. intrinsic GTPase activity

b. membrane associated protein

c. signal transduction

d. All of these

e. None of these.

Compare and contrast the polymerization of actin and tubulin in vitro and in vivo.

Discuss homeostasis, both negative and positive feedback and provide examples:

Describe the structural hierarchy of the human body.

What would happen if:

1. I plugged the leads for the DNA gel in the wrong way? I was going too fast and I plugged the positive lead into the negative and the negative lead into the positive on the power supply?
2. I forgot one of my primers in the PCR tube? Would the PCR reaction work?
3. When I was extracting plasmid, I added the P3 buffer before adding the P2 buffer? Would the reaction still work?
4. After eluting the mtDNA, my partner and I mixed our samples together. We sent that mixed sample to be sequenced. Do you think we would get a sequence back?