What is the numbering scheme for naming fatty acids and what is the difference between cis and trans fatty acids?

What are the general properities of glycosidic linkages?

Describe the steps in the process of transcription of DNA to RNA.

Would treating human ES cells with increasing concentrations of NGF lead to increasing differentiating of neuronal cells.

can you help me with some background information

Describe the major innovations, from earliest (most ancient) to most recent, that made plants progressively more able to cope with dry conditions on land. Include the 4 major groups of land plants

Which is a product of the light dependent reactions but NOT a reactant of the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide

NADPH

ATP

oxygen

18. Short hair in rabbits is governed by a dominant gene (L) and long hair by a recessive allele (l). Black hair results form the action of the dominant genotype (B_) and brown from the recessive genotype (bb). In a cross between homozygous short, black haired rabbit and a homozygous long, brown haired rabbit what are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F1 and F2 generation.

Please give a detailed response and describe how T cells coordinate the specific humoral immune response. Then describe how T cells coordinate the specific cell mediated immune response. For both, be sure to discuss all receptors involved, interleukins, all cell interactions and cell types.

Design an experiment that tests the effect of body temperature on the aerobic capacity in an animal of your choice. What variables would you measure, and how? Include detail about experimental design and instrumentation, to show your understanding of how data are acquired. Present hypothetical data (in graphical form), which support your predictions. Make sure to label your graphs accurately and precisely, and use reasonable values (and units) for parameters measured.

Air-breathing insects and vertebrates rely on aerobic metabolism for sustained production of ATP, but they effect oxygen supply by completely different means. Using two species of your choice (one for each taxon), compare and contrast the way these two groups deliver O2 from the environment to their tissues. Consider the scaling laws for the gas transport cascade and explain why there are no insects larger than 100g, but there are plenty vertebrates larger than that.

Regarding the electron transport chain, are all of the complexes within the chain integral? Specifically, is complex 2 integral or peripheral? Some images display it as integral, meaning that it does enter the membrane but doesn't span the entirety of it like a transmembrane protein. These different images confuse me, so I'm hoping to get some clarification.