F1 plants that are medium in height are produced by crossing tall with short parents. When the F1 plants are self-fertilized, the F2 offspring consist of different heights ranging from short to tall with most plants having some intermediate height.

Now you want to further study the genetics of this trait and, for that, you grow the F2 offspring in a field location in the summer of 2019 (all in the same field which is subject to similar conditions and management practices including fertilizer application, irrigation, etc.). You then measure the variation observed for plant height. Under this scenario, what would you expect to be causing most of the variation you are seeing in plant heights?

a) Incomplete Dominance

b) Linkage

c) Genetic differences between plants

d) Environmental effects

How did tumor heterogeneity develop and its importance for basic cancer research? The importance of TH for clinical oncology? Explain.

Epidemiologists study the occurrence and transmieeion of human diseases on a global scale. this is no easy task since pathogens, or disease-causing organisms are everywhere. it is virtually impossible to avoid coming into contact with a potentially pathogenic microorganism in the modern world.
INFLAMMATION: PLEASE provide background about a disease-causing microbe. is it a virus, bacterium, etc.? what are the symptoms of the disease.
Describe the impact of this microbe on human health. why would this disease be of concern to epidemiologists? what is the prevalence of the disease in the human population?
describe any treatments available for the disease. include vaccinations and chemotherapeutic treatment options.
in your option, would the innate immune system or the adaptive immune system be more effective at fighting off this infection?
this must be written 800 to a 1000 words.

thank you

Two-part question about animals:

1a. Why do smaller animals typically have a simple respiratory system, while larger animals require more complex respiratory structures like gills or lungs?

1b. Many immune system functions in animals are completed by individual cells that can travel throughout the body, instead of remaining stationary within specialized organs. Why is this important for the immune system to function well?

Based on your understanding of sea urchin and fruit fly gastrulation, would you expect the ventral furrowing of the fruit fly to require an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition? Why or why not?

A businessman in Iowa returned from a trip to Japan and a few other countries a few months previously. He had a very sore throat. He had been treated with beta-lactam drugs but was not cured. The man reported that he had unprotected sex including oral while overseas. The gram stain of his throat showed a gram-negative coccus. He was treated with a newer generation beta-lactam drug and still did not cure the pharyngitis. He also showed signs of an infection of the genitourinary tract with purulent discharge from the penile region.   Samples were taken to grow a potential bacterium from both regions of his body.

Questions

1. What is the most likely pathogen causing this pharyngitis? What was the source of transmission? Name two other organisms that cause pharyngitis.

2. Discuss in detail the properties of the microbe? Does it have methods of immune evasion?

3. Discuss in detail the pathogenesis of the disease from initial exposure to final outcome.   What are the complications?

It is a very dry year in New Mexico. Described two adaptations and two acclimatization's that plants have for dealing with drought (4 points).

Adaptation 1:

Adaptation 2:

Acclimatization 1:

Acclimatization 2:

Explain the two-fold cost of stomatal closure for water conservation during drought (2 points).

18) In your own words, explain the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche (2 points). Provide an example (can be real or hypothetical, can be plant or animal) of when the fundamental and realized niches of a species would differ. (2 points)

You need to construct a dichotomous key for the following taxa from the protists (below). Make sure that you follow the rules for the construction of dichotomous keys.

Ulva,

Volvox,

Spirogyra,

Red algae,

Plasmodial slime mold,

Dinoflagellates,

Stentor,

Plasmodium,

Trypanosoma,

diatoms,

Radiolaria,

Euglena

Brown algae

Pretend you are trying to establish a specific species of mosquito as a model organism in order to design more effective pesticides. After sequencing the genome of Culiseta longiareolata, you uncover a gene that has a 54% sequence similarity to the oskar gene in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To begin determining if the oskar-like gene in the mosquito has a similar function to its potential homolog in the fruit fly, you’ve decided to first test if the oskar-like gene is a morphogen. How would you begin testing whether oskar-like is a morphogen? In your response, be sure to include which technique(s) you would use and your predicted result(s).

Describe the ancestors of the plant kingdom?

5A. How are the pterygots different from the jumping bristletails and silverfish?

5B. Describe three ways in which insects are different from other hexapods.

what information, if any, might convince you that humans and chimpanzees should share the same genus ? why? if you could not be convinced, then what scientific evidence leads you to that conclusion?

1) Describe the process and steps involved in the production of a protein from a DNA blueprint.