Briefly describe the advantages of the presence of EACH mammalian organ system:

The digestive system, circulatory, respiratory, immune/lymphatic, excretory, endocrine, reproductive, nervous, integumentary, skeletal, and muscular

1. How is fertilization in conifers different than fertilization in angiosperms?
2. Draw and label the steps in Angiosperm double fertilization.

62. A population of a grasshopper species in the Kansas prairie has two color phenotypes, with 90% of the grasshoppers green and 10% brown. Typically in the last century, the prairie receives adequate rain to maintain healthy green grass, but for the last decade the prairie suffers a severe drought and is also invaded by a bird that eats grasshoppers.

Briefly explain in terms of the four parts of natural selection listed below how the population of the grasshopper species would be expected to change during the drought years.

overproduction -

variation -

competition & survival -

differential reproduction -

Know the order of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus:

What organ does the pancreas deliver enzymes to:

The function of hydrochloric acid in the digestive system is

What are the following

Haustra
Peyers patches
Rugae
Villi

What are the functions of the large intestines?

Where is gastrin produce and what cells produce it:

Escherichia coli

Pseudomonas malli

Bacillus megaterium

Bacillusanthracis,

Lactobacillusacidophilus,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa,

Serratia marcescens

Staphylococcus caprae

Streptococcus mutans

Neisseria gonorrhoeae,

Staphylococcus aureus,

Streptococcus pyogenes,

Proteus myxofaciens,

Klebsiella pneumoniae sub sp pneumoniae

Salmonella bongrori

Shigella sonnei

Corynebacterium xerosis

Enterobacter aerogenes

Proteus vulgaris

Escherichia vulneris

Escherichia blattae

Salmonella choleraesuis (subsp. diarizonae)

Enterobacter hormaechei

Enterobacter asburiae

Citrobacter diversus

Citrobacter freudii

In order to receive full credit for this assignment, you must provide the following;

The correct identification of Unknown organism in this homework assignment.

The correct interpretation of the biochemical tests in the table below for this unknown organism.

Create a flow chart which demonstrates the tests that allowed you separate the unknown organism from the list.

Use Microsoft PowerPoint, it is easier for creating flow charts compared to Microsoft Word

You do not need to isolate the entire list of organisms from each other, just your unknown from the list. See the sample flow chart.

Using your biochemical and morphological results to indentify the identity of your orphan organism by using the Bergey’s manual.

Create a flow chart and identify your orphan organism.

UNKNOWN # 3

The follow biochemical tests were performed after an unknown bacterium was isolated into a pure culture. Each of the tests was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and when appropriate the use of reagents was added in the correct volumes to each of the tests. The following table describes these results.

1. If viruses were to be c;classified in manner similar to the classification of organisms, the broadest classification currently used for all viruses is the...

A) Phylum

B) Genus

C) Class

D) family

2. Which of the following is true concerning the viral envelope

A) Viral envelope is taken from the mitochondrial membranes

C) ALl viruses possess an envelope

D) The viral envelope is taken from the cellular membranes

E) The envelope may be cut apart by the action of nucleases

3. All of the following statements concerning virus taxonomy are true EXCEPT:

A) The ICTV establishes proper taxonomic schemes for virus classification

B) Staining is used as a means of classifying viruses

C) Currently, there are only three orders of viruses

D) Virus family names are sometimes derived from the name of an important virus within the family

4. Viruses can be inactivated by exposure/treatment to chemicals or physical agents. Choose which agent will inactivate herpes virus by preventing viral attachment to susceptible cells.

A) Alcohol

B) Ultra violet radiation

C) Heat

D) Neutralizing antibodies

E) A, C, D

(HINT: It's not B)

Q1)

A) True or False? Proximity and orientation effects are a feature of all enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Explain your reasoning.

B) PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) is an inactivator of serine proteases. It is commonly used in the production of protein for experimental study; it prevents cellular proteases from digesting the protein of interest
True or false? Lowering the pH of the solution would alter binding by PMSF. In a single sentence, explain how you arrived at your answer.

What type of climate is generally found in costal sage scrub areas? How would this affect recovery after disturbance? Please explain in great detail!

Describe three (3) specific ways human sexual reproduction produces genetic diversity in offspring.

Consider this hypothetical situation: you are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive genetic disorder and your potential reproductive partner is also heterozygous for that same recessive genetic disorder.

a. Do you and your potential partner exhibit the recessive phenotype?

b. What is the probability the offspring of this breeding pair will have the recessive phenotype?

c. Would you have children with this person? Why or why not?

d. Should people known to be carriers of a recessive genetic disorder be legally prohibited from having children? Why or why not?

Choose correct answers: Which of the following are true of insulin receptors?

Question 5 options:

Summary

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is typically performed to detect the presence and/or amount of a target protein of interest within an experimental sample. Detection of the target protein is made possible by antibodies, which make the ELISA an immunoassay. Through a series of incubation and washing steps, these antibodies, which are frequently linked, or conjugated, to an enzyme, will detect protein coating the bottom of a well on a microtiter plate. When exposed to a substrate, antibody-bound enzyme will cause a color change, thereby indicating the presence of the protein-of-interest in the sample.

In this video, the theory behind how ELISAs work is explained, including a discussion of both primary and secondary antibody binding and the importance of blocking steps. Theory is followed by practice, as the video progresses to an explanation of the step-by-step procedure. Finally, variations of the standard ELISA such as the sandwich and competitive ELISAs are introduced, and real world applications of this method, such as in over-the-counter pregnancy tests are explained.

1. For which of the following applications could an ELISA be used?

- To neutralize trypsin within a sample.

- To determine the size of a plasmid within a sample.

- To determine the presence or absence of contamination within a sample.

- To determine the presence or absence of a specific protein within a sample.

2. The target protein is recognized by...

- ...the substrate.

- ...buffer enzymes.

-...unlabeled viral particles.

-...the primary antibody.

3. The absorbance measured for each well is _____to the amount of target protein present in

each sample. (cell culture media harvested from human anti-body- producing cell lines).

- equal

- not directly related

- inversely proportional

- directly proportional

When gluconeogenesis is activated during fasting in liver, glycolysis slows. How does this happen?

a. pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase are both inhibited by phosphorylation in response to a decreased insulin/glucagon ratio

b. PFK-2 is phosphorylated

c. acetyl CoA allosterically inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase

d. acetyl CoA allosterically activates pyruvate carboxylase

e. all of the above

1. The novel corona virus that causes Covid 19 has given scientists and especially virologists a great new challenge. Describe the biology of this virus in detail. Then go on to explain fully what you think the first research goal should be and why.

1. Draw and label (or generate in excel) the standard growth curve for bacteria. Explain each of the stages of this curve fully. Conclude by explaining how and why this curve might look if it represented the growth of a lactose degrading bacteria in media that contains both glucose and lactose.