Stimulated B lymphocytes switch from the synthesis of membrane-bound to secreted antibody molecules by increasing the concentration of CstF complexes that cleave and polyadenylate mRNAs. How does this up-regulation of CstF bring about the production of soluble antibodies?

It favors a strong polyadenylation site in the immunoglobulin primary transcript, creating a longer antibody molecule that is secreted.

It activates a weak polyadenylation site in the immunoglobulin primary transcript and prevents splicing, creating a shorter molecule that is secreted.

It favors a strong polyadenylation site in the immunoglobulin primary transcript, creating a shorter antibody molecule that is secreted.

It activates a weak polyadenylation site in the immunoglobulin primary transcript, creating a longer antibody molecule that is secreted.

It favors a strong polyadenylation site in the immunoglobulin primary transcript, aborting translation and creating a shorter antibody molecule that is secreted.

What are VBNC bacteria and why do they exist? How have they impacted our identification of microbial life on our planet? What strategies and approaches would you follow to attempt to successfully culture bacteria (that were shown to be present through bacterial DNA extraction, PCR and gel electrophoresis) from a soil sample that would be described as “sandy”? Include some rationale behind your plans. For example, how does an understanding of the physiological state of the bacteria factor into your plan? By physiological state, I mean, states of stress, nutrient depletion, etc. Why is this important in terms of basic and applied environmental microbiology?

Which of the following is FALSE regarding hox Genes?

Group of answer choices

They serve the role of defining segmental regions along the anterior to posterior axis during development

Their functions have diversified through gene duplications followed by differentiation (e.g. subfunctionalization), leading to differentiation of segmental regions in animals

They encode transcription factors that perform trans-regulatory functions

They are responsible for the major body plan differences among animal phyla

A)How are the cnidocytes distributed over the body of Hydra? Does their distribution suggest anything about their function? what?

B)In what way does the mesoglea of the cnidarians differ from the mesohyl of the poriferans?

c) what happens to a Hydra when the epithelia-muscular cells that run parallel to the long axis of the body contract？ what happens then those cells that run perpendicular to the long axis of the body contract?

Which biomolecules are relevant to function and structure? Use those biomolecules to explain the difference in appearance of the two organisms. Explain your response.

What is pharmacogenomics? conduct research that presents well-developed argument/information that establishes the scope of the issue. The topic to be researched is the topic of Pharmacogenomics. Include your own opinions and thoughts on the topic. Background information needs to be properly cited. (At least 2 or 3 references are required.

Compare the timing of the molecular divergence of the four mammalian superorders, and the timing of their anatomical divergence as seen in the fossil record

What would happen to the expression of the trp operon if you replace the key tryptophan codons in the leader peptide with tyrosine codons?

a)  How is the Hardy–Weinberg Model used to describe allele and genotype frequencies in a Population Gene Pool?

b) Explain how Natural Selection drives Allele Frequency Change in populations

c) Name and explain the three different impacts of selection on a population.

If a child has an AB blood type, ____.

Briefly explain the steps by which the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA and deposits it in the mitochondrial matrix. What cofactors are used, what are the products formed? How is the complex activity regulated?

What happens to the endometrium in mammals with menstrual cycles??

What happens to the endometrium in mammals with estrous cycles??

What are your thoughts on the afterlife?