1.    Describe the exocrine function of the pancreas. How is it related to digestion of the energy-yielding nutrients?

2. If you want to maintain a feeling of fullness for as long as possible, which meal would be preferred: 800 calories of spaghetti with tomato sauce, bread, and tea or 800 calories of spaghetti with tomato and meat sauce, bread with butter, and water? Why?

Place the following scenario in order of how it would occur... 1 to 7

S.typhimurium cells are allowed to grow and proliferate through various virulence factors which further allows it to express more virulence factors.

S.typhimurium cells use oral fecal route from infected host to leave one host and enter another host via potential contaminated surfaces or common sources.

S.typhimurium cells spreads along the lower GI tract (smaller intestine and larger intestine), virulence factors like enterotoxins create ion imbalance

You and your friends are out for a late night meal and you eat some undercooked chicken. Your system is exposed to S.typhimurium

S.typhimurium extracellular factors like Type 1 Fimbriae bind onto epithelial cells of the intestines.

Ion imbalance cause influx of water into the lumen while endotoxins cause symptoms like fever.

Various antigens present on S.typhimurium evade host systems like phagocytosis or macrophage detection.

you notice that a particular eukaryotic mRNA fails to undergo the process of capping. You, as a scientist come pu with multiple ways to help out this mRNA function. Out of al the methods there was one which was incorrect. Which one out of all your expt would not work...? A) you try to attach a compound to the MRNA that would get it out of the nucleus B) you try to stall the mRNA in the nucelus until the cell machinery can eventually start synthesizing a cap C) you try to increase the dose of the enzyme poly A polymerase D) you try to increase the levels of proteins that inhibit the function of exunucleases

A 24 year old man who had just recovered from infectious mononucleosis had evidence of a gential lesion. His RPR test was positive. what should the technologist do next?

a. Do VDRL to confirm the positive RPR

b. Report as false positive due to cross reacting antibodies from recent infection

c. have the patient return in two weeks for a repeat test

d. don confirmatory treponemal test

Biology Unit II Homework - Cancer and Genetics

Introduction

In order for organisms to grow, repair, maintain, and reproduce, cells undergo cell division. Sometimes, cells uncontrollably divide, resulting in cancer. In the first part of the Cancer and Cell Division Lab, you will learn about normal cell division and will compare it to cell division that occurs in cancer cells. You will then visit a website to find out more information about cancer. You will learn why it occurs, why it kills, and new treatments that are being tested and used to treat cancer.

Objectives

Explain the process of cancer, the effects on the human body, the various types, and the risk factors involved.

Explain various treatments for cancer.

Explain the various stages of mitosis.

Materials

No extra materials will be required to complete this lab other than internet service.

Directions

Go to the following website: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_23/BL_23.html

Follow the steps under the PROCEDURE section.

Type all answers directly on the data sheet.

Select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name.

Upload the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when you are finished.

While viewing the video, answer the following questions. Total: 8 points

Centrioles are duplicated during which stage of mitosis? (4 points)

During which stage of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell? (4 points)

After viewing the video, click on the Information tab in the bottom right corner. Answer the following questions. Total: 12 points

In which of the cancer types listed, are males not at risk of developing? (4 points)

Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for which type of cancer listed? (2 points)

The risk for which type of cancer increases after the age of 55? (4 points)

Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURE section, and complete the following table. Total: 40 points

Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURES section and answer the following questions. Total: 12 points

Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells and cancer cells? (4 points)

Which type of cancer shows the most aggressive growth? Explain your answer. (4 points)

When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Scientists often calculate the mitotic index to compare the growth rates of different types of tissue. Which type of tissue would have a higher mitotic index, normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain. (4 points)

Go to: http://www.cancer.org/

Click Cancer A-Z. At the page that follows there will be links to more information on breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and skin cancer. Review the information for each these cancers. Next, write an essay that discusses either your own risk factors for each type of cancer and steps you might take to decrease those risk factors. As always, you do not have to disclose any actual personal information if you do not wish to. You may create a fictional character and discuss his or her risk factors instead. (30 points)

Your response should be at least 100 words in length.

The process by which bacteria form a bridge connecting it to another cell and then transfers a plasmid through this bridge is called: a. Translation b. Transposon c. Transformation d. Conjugation e. Operon

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Genetics in Prokaryotes?

a.       Explain why the nervous system is described as “immunologically privileged,” and discuss whether this provides a beneficial or disadvantageous effect in this system.

b.      Discuss the defenses a pathogen encounters as it attempts to gain entry into the nervous system.

Henrietta Lacks we can see this illustrated in that women cells were taken without her knowledge or permission and used for technological and medical purposes was this right

Is the culture medium: Phenyl ethyl Alcohol ( PEA)

1. Selective
2. Differential

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 or 2

Syprogyra is ________.

1. A eukaryotic organism
2. Multicellular

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 or 2
4. Neither 1 or 2

How Does escheria coli grow in a nutrient broth?

1. Turbid: finely dispersed growth throughout the broth
2. Sediment: granular substance at the bottom of the broth

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 or 2

Why is a process as complex as the citric acid cycle actually an economical way for cells to do their metabolic business?

1. Misconceptions about the role of greenhouse gasses in climate change are almost as common as misconceptions about evolution. Usually, the misconceptions have a little bit of truth in them, but it is coupled with a misunderstanding. Take a look at the following misconceptions, choose one and discuss what is incorrect about that statement and what parts of it are correct. If you’re not sure what is wrong, just discuss what parts of it make sense to you.

a. Carbon dioxide destroys the ozone layer and lets in more sunlight, warming up the earth. More carbon dioxide emissions lead to a bigger hole and higher temperatures.

b. Carbon dioxide rises into the air because it is warm. The more carbon dioxide is released, the warmer the air gets causing global warming.

c. Light energy coming from the sun is absorbed by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the carbon dioxide sends the heat down to the surface of the earth, heating it up. The more carbon dioxide is released, the more heat is sent down to the earth’s surface.

d. CFCs are greenhouse gasses that destroy the ozone layer. As more CFCs are released, the ozone layer gets smaller and lets in more sunlight, causing the earth to heat up.

e. Ice usually reflects sunlight away from the earth and into space. Carbon dioxide causes ice to melt, meaning less sunlight is reflected and more is absorbed by the earth, further heating up the atmosphere.

f. Ozone is a greenhouse gas. When the ozone hole increases, it lets in more ozone. The ozone traps the heat radiating from the surface of the earth and keeps it from being lost to space, heating up the planet.

2. In many ways our actions can have a positive effect on the environment. Making these changes all at once can be overwhelming. But making one change at a time is quite do-able and can start you on a path toward making more environmentally-conscious changes in the future. Suggest one change in your habits or lifestyle that you feel willing and able to try making to reduce your impact on the environment.

Think about the diphtheria vaccine. how can people infected with COVID-19 generate free antibodies in their plasma when they are recovered. How and why is the plasma from recovered patients used as a one of the potential treatments for Infected covid-19 patients? Knowing this, think about how to make a vaccine against covid-19. Possibly substitute the virus for diphtheria? why do we need booster doses of the diphtheria vaccines?