9. Which of the following
statements is true of a
tendon?
a. joins two bones over a
ball-and-socket joint
b. connects muscles to
bones
c. can be either fast-twitch
or slow-twitch type
d. is found between fibrous
and cartilaginous joints
10. Which muscle is an
example of an involuntary
muscle?
a. tongue
b. thigh
c. heart
d. bicep
11. The integumentary system
includes hair, fingernails,
and
a. skin.
b. tendons.
c. myosin.
d. marrow.

12. Which statement best
describes the subcutaneous
fat layer of your skin?
a. made up of mostly dead
cells, flaking away
b. is the outermost layer;
contains many pores
c. cushions large blood
vessels and neurons
d. contains cells that make
elastin and collagen
13. Which of the following
items is a pigment that
absorbs harmful ultraviolet
sunlight?
a. collagen
b. myosin
c. melanin
d. keratin
14. Sweat glands found in the
skin help maintain
homeostasis by
a. controlling body
temperature.
b. producing protective
proteins.
c. secreting antibacterial
fluids.
d. waterproofing the outer
skin.
15. Which set of characteristics
best describes the dermis?
a. contains glands that
produce oils or sweat
b. produces protective
melanin and keratin
c. insulates the muscles and
internal organs
d. consists of layered,
tough, waterproof protein

What is the name of the tissue lining the organs in the peritoneal cavity?

1. We know that an F+ cell can donate its F plasmid to a recipient cell to create a new F+ cell.

But what about an Hfr? Can an Hfr transfer its DNA as well? (yes/no) Please explain your answer. Why did you answer yes or no?

2. Let’s just assume,, that an Hfr cell could transfer DNA. What would the recipient cell look like? What would it be called? F+? F-? Hfr+? Something else altogether? Please explain your answer.

A group of scientists wants to determine if fin length variation is genetically or environmentally controlled. They think the presence of predator pressure may be an environmental determinant of fin length. The scientists take eggs from short-tailed parents and raise them in both low and high predator pressure environments. They also take eggs from long-tailed parents raise them in both low and high predator pressure environments. The scientists then evaluate the tail length of the fish hatched from the eggs at adulthood. Select the correct dependent variable for this experiment.

A.Level of predation pressure.

B.Tail length at adulthood.

C.Tail length of the parents of the eggs.

D.The eggs.

5. You have a dialysis bag containing 15-mL protein solution in 0.20 M NaCl. a. Would it be more efficient to dialyse this solution against i)one 2 L volume of buffer until equilibrium is reached, or to ii)dialyze the solution against one L buffer until equilibrium is reached, the remove the bag and dialyze against another one L of buffer til equilibrium is reached. Assume there is no volume change in the dialysis bag with dialysis. (1 pt) {type answer here } b. What is the concentration of NaCl left in the dialysis bag after condition i? What is the concentration of NaCl left in the dialysis bag after condition ii? (2 pts)

How is transcription initiated and terminated? What is the importance of the promoter consensus sequence? How and why do consensus sequences differ from one another?

How may pollination occur in the angiosperms? Are there any significant advantages or disadvantages to this pollination strategy?

1. What is DNA polymerase? Explain the roles of its various components in DNA replication.

2. What is RNA polymerase? Explain its role in transcription. How is RNA polymerase similar to and different from DNA polymerase?

Discuss how adaptations allowed plants to move from an aquatic environment to the variety of habitats they inhabit today. You may wish to start out discussing single celled algae and include the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. At the beginning or end of the essay, it may be helpful to write about plants that you have observed (using correct scientific nomenclature), and consider their traits and habitat. Then explain why those traits are adaptive, and how they arose. Don't forget the role of natural selection in adaptation.

16. Name three of the four parts of the axial skeleton.
17. Name one type of moveable joint and give an example of where it is found.

18. Name the type of bone tissue that protects against jolts and bumps.
19. How does the skeletal system help maintain calcium levels in the blood?

20. What is the process that forms new bone called? What role does the process
play in an adult whose bones have stopped growing?

1.) Which portion of the autonomic nervous system must be most active in the genitals for vaginal lubrication to occur?

a. Parasympathetic

b. Sympathetic

c. Somatic

2.) The human clinical syndrome in which a fetus produces produce excessive amounts of androgen in the adrenal glands, due to a reduced ability to produce cortisol, which affects external genital formation and results in masculinization of the external genitalia, is known as ________________.

a. PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)

b. CAH (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

c. AIS (androgen insensitivity syndrome)

3.) What does estradiol do during sexual differentiation?

a. It inhibits development of the Wolffian ducts

b. It doesn’t play a role in the development of gonads or genitalia

c. It stimulates development of the Mullerian ducts

d. It stimulates development of the ovaries

e. It stimulates development of the clitor1s in female embryos

4.) Which part of the primordial gonad do the testes develop from?

a. The stroma

b. The medulla

c. The cortex

Compare and contrast the four types of memory; episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, and procedural memory.

Then on neuron one show me what the neuron is like at resting state, please include:

a. sodium potassium pump The sodium-potassium pump (PDB entries 2zxe and 3b8e ) is found in our cellular membranes, where it is in charge of generating a gradient of ions. It continuallypumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, powered by ATP.

b. sodium Na+ It's also called a serum sodium test. Sodium is an essential mineral to your body. It's also referred to as Na+. Sodium is particularly important for nerve and muscle function.

c. potassium K+ The chemical notation for potassium is K⁺. The proper level of potassium is essential for normal cell function.

On neuron two show (via a drawing) me what happens during an action potential (depolarization), describe what happens to the voltage within and without the neuron. Include the movements of the Na+ and K+ ions.

On Neuron three show me via your drawing how a neuron goes back to resting state. Describe the movement of Ions across the neurons membrane and show me where all this takes place on the neuron. Please include hyperpolarization.

Similarly to assignment one, I want you to draw me a close up picture of a synapse (what happens between the Axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron and the dendrites of a post synaptic neuron communicate). Please take a picture of your drawing and attach it to the assignment, in lieu of this write up a document that parallels this assignment as close as possible and attach that to the assignment instead.  Include the following elements and describe briefly what they are doing to produce a synaptic event.

a. vesicles

b. neurotransmitter - explain where it is and what it does

c. synaptic gap

d. reuptake mechanism - describe its function and how it works.

e. receptors

f. extra credit calcium and its channel