(BioChem) Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are diseases related to the impaired ability to oxidize fatty acids via beta oxidation. Symptoms of these acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies include hypoketosis [low blood levels of ketone bodies], hypoglycemia [low blood glucose], and hyperammonemia [increased blood levels of ammonia] during long periods of fasting. (Please type response, thanks!)

a.) In what 2 ways is beta oxidation important during prolonged periods of fasting?

b.) Please explain why patients with acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiencies have bouts of hypoketosis [1- 2 sentences is sufficient].

c.) Please explain why patients with acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiencies have bouts of hypogycemia [1- 2 sentences is sufficient].

d.) Please explain why patients with acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiencies have bouts of hyperammonemia [1- 2 sentences is sufficient].

DNA polymerase III builds new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction...always adding the new nucleotide to the 3' end of the existing strand. As it adds new nucleotides, it proofreads its work. If a mistake is detected, DNA polymerase will act as an exonuclease and excise the incorrect nucleotide. A. What supplies the energy needed to add the new nucleotide to the existing chain? B. Please explain why evolution has favored 5’ to 3’ polymerases, as opposed to 3’ to 5’ ones (hint...what happens if DNA Polymerase removes a nucleotide?).

1. Explain two ways bacteria might interact in a community, and why that interaction might happen that way.

2. Explain in detail one way that bacteria can share genetic information with each other, but not through vertical transmission.

Describe the effect of dust mites on humans and explain how to control them.

What is the significance of Haemaphysalis longicornis?.

1) Why was the Micrococcus at the bottom of the broth tube?

2) What growth pattern(s) would be most beneficial for survival if bacteria were growing in a pond for many years? Explain your answer.

1. The first to have cave paintings ;

a) Neanderthals

b) chimpanzees

c) Australopithecus

d) homo habilis

2. The SRGAP2 gene is important in the development of :

a) the immune system

b) cortex development

c) placental development

d) body growth

e) speech

3. Members of a species can :

a) interbreed

b) produce fertile offspring

c) share similar genes

d) all of these

4. Geographic separation of populations of a species might lead to:

a) DNA stabilization

b) new species formation

c) becoming closer in morphology in the populations

d) changes in alleles between the populations  

e) b and d

5. A major advancement in thinking ability and complex behaviours was the

a) corpus striatum

b) corpus collosum

c) corpus spongiosum

d) corpus quadrigemina

e) none of these

6. The accepted date for this was about 800,000 years ago:

a) tool use

b) meat diet

c) brain enlargement

d) controlled fire usage

e) migration out of Africa

7. Cooking meat:

1. easier to digest
2. harder to digest
3. associated with homo habilis
4. associated with Australopithecus robustus

8. Elongated ilium is associated with bipedalism

1. true b) false

9. Apes have a U shaped palate:

1. true b) false

10. Upright but not too smart:

a) Neanderthals

b) Australopithecines

c) cro magnons

d) homo erectus

e) members of congress

11. An increase in surface area:

a) thalamus

b) gyri

c) cerebral aqueduct

d) subarachnoid space

e) corpora quadrigemina

12. Found in Asia about a million years ago:

a) A. africanus

b) A. afarensis

c) homo erectus

d) homo habilis

e) c and d

13. Haplogroups are:

a) haploid gametes

b) diploid gametes

c) specific groups of alleles

d) examples of genetic drift

e) none of these

If the phosphoglycerate mutase reaction the side chain of which as in thE enzyme is transiently phosphorylated as part of the reaction .,

Compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic infections in bacteria and humans.  

Compare and contrast transduction (general and specific), transformation, and transfection

In humans, the concentration of glucose in the blood is maintained at roughly 5 mM. Hexokinase (HK II) in muscle is a Michaelis-Menten enzyme and its KM for glucose is about 0.1 mM. The blood glucose and intracellular glucose concentrations rapidly equilibrate so that the cellular glucose concentration can be considered to be essentially the same as the blood glucose concentration. Also, prolonged high concentrations of glucose in the blood can be toxic.

a) What do the KM and the actual glucose concentration suggest about the activity of HK II under normal conditions? (In other words, how fast is the enzyme going compared to its Vmax?)

b) After a high carbohydrate meal, the blood glucose concentration can rise to concentrations much greater than 5 mM. What would be the effect of this concentration change on HK II activity in muscle tissue?

c) Given the information and your answer in part b, what would be the net effect on the person’s blood glucose concentration after a high carbohydrate meal?

Please answer all of the questions.

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What would be the phenotypic ratio of the F₁ generation? Please note that: "S" = ability to spin webs; "NS" = cannot spin webs; "C" = ability to cling to walls; and "NC" = cannot cling to walls.

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What is the genotype of the mother?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What is the genotype of the father?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What gametes does the mother produce?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

What gametes does the father produce?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

If Nia were to (one day) marry a man who was heterozygous for the tongue-rolling trait, what percentage of their children would be able to roll their tongues?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

Imagine, for a moment, that the mother and father separate, and the mother decides to remarry. If her second husband is homozygous dominant for the tongue-rolling gene, what is the likelihood that their children (if they choose to have any) will be able to roll their tongues?

In humans, the ability to roll one's tongue is a dominant trait (R). A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot roll his tongue. The couple's daughter, Nia, can roll her tongue, but their son, Michael, cannot.

Imagine, for a moment, that the mother and father separate, and the mother decides to remarry. If her second husband is homozygous dominant for the tongue-rolling gene, what would be the genotypic ratioof their offspring (i.e., the F₁ generation)?

Characteristics (or traits) of an organism, such as those described in the examples above, are said to be heritable. In this context, the term "heritable" means...

Please answer all the questions

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What is Spider-Man's genotype?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What is Spider-Woman's genotype?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What gametes does Spider-Man produce?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What gametes does Spider-Woman produce?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What percentage of their offspring will not be able to spin webs but will be able to cling to walls?

Spider-Man and Spider-Woman are planning to have children in the near future. Spider-Man is able to spin webs (S) and cling to walls (C), whereas Spider-Woman can spin webs but cannot cling to walls. If both of these traits are inherited in a dominant manner (i.e., the dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait), Spider-Man is heterozygous for each trait, and Spider-Woman is heterozygous for the web-spinning trait...

What percentage of their offspring will be heterozygous for both traits?

1. Life on Earth was pretty simple for over 3 billion years.... then suddenly, around 530 million years ago, a huge diversity of animal forms suddenly (~10 million years time) appear in the fossil record. What might have caused animal forms to appear form?

2. 20% of all animal species are beetles! New species of animals are still being found, mostly invertebrates. How many species do scientists believe are out there?

1. Describe DNA synthesis and describe why Okazaki fragments are needed? include the following terms in any order (and please underline them in your answer): leading strand, lagging strand, replication fork, DNA polymerase, direction of DNA synthesis, origin of replication, primer, ligase.