Please choose an environmental topic of your choice and read/research the topic and write a short 3-4 page essay outlining the key areas of the topic/issue. This is a topic that you would like to learn more about so that you can share that information in your essay.

The essay should contain:

Title

Introduction - include a brief introduction to the topic, indicating the key areas and why you are interested in the topic/issue.

Body - You should include all of the key areas from the introduction, with supporting information.

Conclusion - You will want to wrap your paper up with a conclusion that includes your views on the topic/issue and how you think the topic or issue should/could be addressed.

References - You will want to include all references in a reference section. You must have at least two references, text, journal, paper, or other.

Which of the following BEST describes a way that meiosis generates genetic variation? Group of answer choices Chromosomes replicate during S phase, but do not replicate again after meiosis I. Alleles from egg and sperm separate during meiosis I. Homologues within tetrads line up randomly along either side of the metaphase plate in meiosis II. Sister chromatids separate evenly into gametes during meiosis II.

Design a strategy to treat a MDR-bacteria-infected patient using one of the drugs other than penicillin or its derivatives (other beta-lactams are OK).

a)     What is your drug?

b)    What is the basic structure of your drug?

c)     What is the cellular target of your drug?

d)    What is its relative half-life?

e)    What side effects does your drug have?

Describe the action of NADPH-Oxidase. What reaction does it catalyze? What is/are its substrates and the product(s) of it's activity?

Fill in the blank

The majority of ALL living things is made of _______________________________. This accounts for 70% of your body. A small percentage of ions and small molecules are found in all living things. An example of this would be ________________. About 25% of ALL living things are composed of large molecules called __________________________. They come in four types: proteins, carbohydrates, ___________________, and nucleic acids. The majority of these large molecules (more than half) are ____________________________.

here are two types of nucleic acids, they are _____________ and _____________. They are composed (made of) smaller pieces called __________________________ that are put together by enzymes, a type of _______________________. (Another biomolecule). The main function of nucleic acids is to ______________________________________________________________.

Label each food with a “U” for unsaturated fat, an “S” for saturated fat, or a “T” for trans fat.

It is 3pm and you are hungry, but it is too early for dinner so you decide to eat a Snickers bar. Since a Snickers has sugar, fat and protein many of the metabolic pathways you have learned about this semester kick into gear.

a. Explain (words or diagram or combo of both) how the fat from the candy is processed, starting with absorption in the digestive system and ending with storage in adipose cells.

b. Apply the redundancy = efficiency theme specifically between glucose metabolism and protein metabolism from the ingested candy bar. You may write sentences, draw diagrams, make a bulleted list, etc. or any combo.

Scientific Proof that ‘Metabo-Herb’ causes your tomatoes to grow faster than ‘Super-Grow.’ Decades of scientific research has resulted in the development of a new plant fertilizer that promotes plant growth better than any other product on the market—including ‘Super Grow.’ ‘Metabo-Herb’ is a clinically formulated fertilizer that is scientifically proven to outperform all other products. We don’t just say that our product is better, we prove it! The following experiment provides definitive, scientific proof of the superiority of ‘Metabo-Herb’ over ‘Super-Grow. Two side by side one-acre fields were planted with the same variety of tomatoes. One of the fields was fertilized with ‘Metabo-Herb,’ the other was not. At the end of the season, plants were randomly sampled from each field and compared with respect to growth (plant height). The differences in growth between the plants are amazing and scientifically proven! A statistically significant difference in plant height between the groups proves the superiority of ‘Metabo-Herb” over our competitors. Growth (height in inches) ‘Metabo-Herb’ Without 48 39 52 31 43 36 49 29 50 37 37 39 51 36 47 34 48 37 42 38 53 33 50 43 29 32 48 29 47 26 Mean 46 35 Plants fertilized with Metabo-Herb grew on average 11 inches taller than those without. These data scientifically prove the superiority of Metabo-Herb over Super Grow. But don’t take our word for it—Listen to what gardeners around the country have to say about our product: I’ve never had such tall plants—Metabo-Herb made my garden the envy of the town. -Billy J. (Winchester, TN) My tomatoes have never grown so fast! -Nancy C. (Harrell, SD) After using Metabo-Herb, I’ll never use anything else. -Andrew S. (Southampton, MD) My tomato plants are the biggest I’ve ever had...just look at them! -Johnny V. (Yucca, AZ) In addition to be scientifically proven to be more effective than our competitors, Metabo-Herb is less expensive! For $49.98 you can order a 40 pound bag of Metabo-Herb—just put it on your garden and watch your plants grow like never before. Don’t Delay, Send only $49.98 to: Fleece-You Enterprises Swindler Lane Deceit, RI 70725 Metabo-Herb Activity—Critical Question Sets What specific claims do the manufactures make about their product? Explain why it is important that all individuals—not just scientists—have a clear understanding of science as a method of inquiry. Identify the following components of the study: Control Group: Experimental Group: Dependent Variable: Independent Variable: Controlled Variable(s): What comments/questions do you think scientists who review the work might have for the researchers who conducted this study? Also describe one universal rule (e.g., gravity,diffusion, energy conversions, etc.) that you believe a human body obeys, explain how it accomplishes that feat, and describe how you know it to be true.

what are the two cell types that interact with Stem cells? and how?

Outline the interaction with that cell type, including whether the interaction is direct or indirect, the outcome of that interaction, and whether the interaction is in the embryonic or adult stage of development

1-Adipocyte

2-Erythrocyte

3-Chondrocyte

4-Epithelial

5-Gonocyte

6-Lymphocyte

7-Myocyte

8-Neuron

9-Osteocyte

Definition matching

1.Natural selection

2.phylogeny,

3.genetic drift,

4.homology,

5.continuous character,

6.wide sense heritability,

7.discontinuous character,

8.directional selection,

9.cladogenesis,

10.reverse mutation,

11.polymorphic locus,

12.gene flow,

13.population genetics,

14quantitative genetics,

A. Allele movement between populations.

B. Evolution of characteristics to make the organism more suitable.

C. Study the inheritance of polygenic characteristics.

D .It is the evolutionary history

E. Frequency change due to chance.

F. One of the homozygotes is favored.

G. It is due to a common ancestor.

H. When phenotypic variation is attributed to genetic variation.

I. Study the inheritance of one or a few genes in groups of individuals.

J. Selection that favors both homozygotes.

K. Recessive allele changes to dominant.

L. Simple relationship between phenotype and genotype.

M. It favors diversification.

N. Contributory alleles additively contribute to the phenotype

O. Any gene that has more than one allele in the population.

diversifying selection

a.) Review the structure and function of a GPCR.

b.) Define signal transduction—include in the definition a listing of all components necessary to carry out this process

c.) Describe the function(s) of signal transduction. Be specific.

d.) Describe the process of desensitization a GPCR goes through.

e.) Some techniques involved in these types of analyses might be protein separation, gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, calcium assays and PCR. Choose one of the five mentioned techniques and detail the theory behind it and how the technique is performed.

Why is Daphne Major an ideal study site AND the birds an ideal subject?

In a sheep brain, we see that the thalamus acts as a relay point for all sensory processing and noted the very large size of this structure.

A. Do you think there are differences between the sensory systems of the sheep and the human? For example, do humans and sheep use each sensory system the same amount, or are there certain senses that are more prominent in sheep or in humans?

B. How would this manifest anatomically?

C. write 2-3 sentences* describing:

(i) its location in the brain

(ii) its neurological relationship to nearby structures

(iii) any neurologic disorders associated with its dysfunction.

Most mammalian cell types do not undergo homologous recombination (HR), and even mouse ES cells do so at low frequency - about 1/200000 cells. However, if you first introduce a crRNA designed to target a mouse genomic sequence next to a PAM site, plus a source of Cas9 protein and a plasmid with homology arms, most mouse cell types will undergo HR with very high frequency -as high as 1/5 or more of the treated cells. What does this tell you about the mechanism of HR in mammalian cells?

A) The critical first step in HR is introduction of a double strand break at the target gene site.
B) Mouse ES cells have DNA repair systems that are defective compared to other cell types.
C) Cas9 protein directly activates expression of HR system genes in mammalian cells.
D) Mouse ES cells contain a larger number of PAM sites than most cell types.
E) Mouse ES cells already express higher levels of Cas9 than most cell types.