1. the number of new virions released from each bacterium host cell represent the _______.

2. "phage" attacks and multiple in __________.

Briefly summarize the processes of mitosis and meiosis indicating where the similarities lie and in which aspects they differ. Explain what is meant by the term ‘linked genes’ with respect to homologous recombination. Identify the different types of chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to disease (e.g. insertions) and in a sentence or two, describe a disorder associated with one of these aberrations. Please use your own words, thanks

describe how anatomy and physiology can be used for many different applications.

Steve independently transformed lentil with either the pea Rms3 or the Rms4 genes, both of which are candidates for increasing lentil leaf size. Describe how he should first test his transgenic lines and then how he should intercross and select for plants that were homozygous for both Rms3 and Rms4.

describe the metabolic process of the bacteria that is used during cheese making, indicating the type of respiration that is happening during the process and the chemical reactions necessary for the formation of lactic acid in great detail. Please use your own words, thanks

briefly describe (one or two paragraphs) the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer and how it is used to create cloned cells.

Explain what you consider to be the positive and negative aspects of cloning both scientifically and morally, giving at least three ‘for’ and three ‘against’ points – Discuss whether you think it is a good use of science and will benefit mankind or whether you believe it is unethical and should no longer be pursued? Please use your own words

Keeping in mind the relationship between structure and function, discuss the potential uses of artificial cells and/or cell like materials and whether you consider them to be a good substitute for the natural versions.

You will need to search the internet for your own examples, please cite sources.

How and where do many DNA viruses such as SV40 replicate in the host cell?

Primary sequence of Papain- like protease of Covid-19

QUESTION 12

1. What stops or slows down an unprepared cell?

What is the difference between bacteria, virus and fungi? plz use table to summary.

When can a mutation in only one of the alleles for a locus in a diploid cell have devastating effects for that cell ?

Group of answer choices

When the mutation affects a haploinsufficient locus

When it causes a synonymous mutation in the protein region of a gene

When it completely abolishes the expression of the mutated allele

When it causes a nonsense mutation downstream of the stop codon of a protein-coding gene

When it affects the coding sequence of a gene that is not normally expressed in a that cell

Given what we know about the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA, why can more than one allele of a gene be present in an indívidual?

Group of answer choices

Because recessive alleles need to be in the presence of another recessive to show their phenotype

This cannot happen; there can be many alleles for a gene, but most organisms will carry only one of them

Most eukaryotic organisms have at least 2 sets of homologous chromosomes

Due to blending inheritance, organisms will combine alleles that they inherit from their parents

1.

Mendel's Law of Segregation says this:

Select one:

alleles are always paired

alleles separate during gamete formation

alleles that are dominant get into gametes more often

alleles that are recessive get into gametes more often

alleles stay together during gamete formation

2.

The use of the garden pea by Mendel was important because it has this ability.

Select one:

to produce only one color

to have a few traits to focus on

have several flower colors on one plant

to self fertilize

only reproduce with another, separate plant

3.

A test cross is used to:

Select one:

determine an unknown genotype using a homozygous recessive individual

determine if there are any alleles

determine if there are more than 2 pairs of alleles

determine an unknown genotype using a homozygous dominant individual

determine if there are 3 or more pairs of alleles

These relate to the Lotka-Volterra equations we discussed for competition and for predation. You may have to use web resources for some questions.

For two competing species, use what you know about Lotka-Volterra models to sketch and describe the outcomes for each of the following scenarios:

What would be the ultimate outcome for both competitors in each of the following sets of conditions? (15 points total).

12. K1 = 200, K2 = 100, alpha = 1.5, beta = 2

Species 1 will win the competition.

13. K1 = 100, K2 = 200, alpha = 1.5, beta = 2

Species 2 will win the competition.

14. K1 = 200, K2 = 100, alpha = 2.5, beta = 1.5

Both species have greater competition with each other, so there is UNSTABLE coexistence.

Remember, I used β (beta) but your book uses alpha (α1,2 and α2,1). It’s just two ways of saying the same thing.

Let’s take it up a notch. Consider the following scenario: For many years, the population size of Species 1 has consistently hovered around 100 individuals/km2 while Species 2’s population size has been approximately 50 individuals. Species 1 uses resources at one-quarter the rate of Species 2. Use the information to answer the following questions. You’ll need your critical thinking skills!

Given the information available, sketch the Lotka-Volterra isocline diagram that best represents the scenario above. Don’t forget to label your graph. Are the populations of each species likely to be stable or unstable? (5 points)

Now imagine a case where the values above are the carrying capacities, not the population sizes. For simplicity’s sake, assume that resource use is the only factor that determines competition coefficients (alpha and beta). Sketch the isocline diagram that describes this new scenario. Which species should win? (5 points)

BONUS (3 points) What would be the population sizes of each species in the absence of their competitor? In other words, if I removed individuals of Species 1, how many individuals of Species 2 could there be? Likewise, if I removed individuals of Species 2, How would Species 1’s population grow? (Hint: it might be helpful to first consider the effect of removing a single individual).

Explain how the two figures below relate to one another in terms of predator-prey relationships? Label the axis and put in any missing directional arrows (5 points)