Explain why a child born to a mother who had myasthenia gravis would also experience myasthenia gravis, but only for a short amount of time.

the class is the intro to healthcare.

Discuss the future development of your selected profession. What is its anticipated growth? What impact would technology have on it? Where is the profession headed? What are potential future barriers or expansions?

that is the question. thank you

Explain the role of background illumination in sense of vision by giving an example. What fundamental characteristic property of sensory systems can be deduced from this example? (Explain in brief)

1. How are rhizoids different than roots?

2. Where are mosses and liverworts usually found? What ecological roles do they play?

3. In both bryophytes and ferns, what is the function of the archegonium? Is this found in the sporophyte or the gametophyte part of the lifecycle?

4. In which part of the lifecycle (sporophyte or gametophyte) are spores produced? What is their function?

5. What key adaptations do ferns have which allow them to be successful in habitats which bryophytes may not be?

1.Describe an experiment you would perform to determine if a beetle can discriminate between green and yellow. Be sure to explain the independent and dependent variables of your experiment.

How might you go about ensuring that your test subjects in the experiment above are attending to the cues you are presenting, and are provided enough motivation to discriminate?

Three recessive genes in dogs are linked on a chromosome. A dog heterozygous for all three recessive alleles is crossed with homozygous for all the recessive alleles in a three-point testcross.

(a) Determine the order of these genes on the chromosome and

(b) calculate the map distances between the genes.

The progeny of the testcross are:

r    T    W                 324

R    t   w                 319

R   t    W                880

r   T     w               887

R    T   W                2376

r    t     w                 2365

r   t     W                47

R    T     w                41

Total      7,239

1.What are BRCA1 and BRCA 2? Discuss their role in cancer (be specific, include info about types cancers, ethnic groups, and any other relevant information!)

2.What are monoclonal antibodies as it relates to cancer or cancer treatment? 

3.What are cytokines; what role do they play in cancer treatment? Give an example of one in your answer.

4.Discuss one risk factor and the cancer it can cause. 
5.What is gene therapy? 

6.Give examples of what could trigger apoptosis. ።

What would happen to cellular glucose-6-phosphate if the pentose phosphate pathway is inhibited?

Predict how an inhibitor of ATP/ADP translocase would affect O2 consumption

match

matrix

carbon fixation

metabolic pathway

stroma

enthyl alchocol

protons

QUESTION 16

The stereotype image of Neandertal as a “brutish, ignorant caveman”  is based on:

1 points   

QUESTION 17

The short, muscular bodies of many Neanderthal populations, with short arms and legs,
             may indicate that they lived:

1 points   

QUESTION 18

The African Replacement Model (arguing that modern Homo sapiens
first appeared in              one place, and then spread out to other parts of the world) suggests that modern Homo sapiens:

1 points   

QUESTION 19

The Multiregional Evolution Model (which argues that modern Homo sapiens could have
            evolved/appeared in several different parts of the world) states that modern Homo sapiens:

Predict the fatty acid with the highest melting point.

Select one:

a. trans 14:1 (⁷)

b. cis 14:2 (^7,9)

c. trans 14:2 (^7,9)

d. cis 14:3 (^7,9,11)

Explain how flow cytometry would be beneficial for physicians on the pursuit for personalized medicine.

QUESTION 1

How are members of the genus Homo different physically
from the Australopithecus?

1 points   

QUESTION 2

The
brain of Homo is:

1 points   

QUESTION 3

The skeleton of Homo erectus:

1 points   

QUESTION 4

The earliest (that is, the oldest) stone tools are referred to as:

1 points   

QUESTION 5

The earliest stone tools are associated with (were made by):

Question 1

1. Give the full scientific name of one of the protist species that causes malaria. (1 mark)
2. Briefly explain how the complexity of the malaria life cycle influences the host’s immune response.
3. Name one diagnostic test appropriate for use in the diagnosis of a current malaria infection and explain how it works.
4. State two strategies to prevent malaria.

Question 2

1. New variants of influenza can be generated by processes known as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Distinguish between these two processes.
2. How might antigenic drift affect the design of a vaccination programme for influenza?
3. RT-PCR can be used to identify an influenza infection. State one other diagnostic test for influenza and describe how it can be used to determine the subtype of influenza.

Question 3

Read the following three statements and then answer the question below.

• In 2019, the UK lost its ‘measles-free’ status.
• The basic reproduction number for measles (R0) is given as between 12 and 18, in different studies.
• The immunisation rate in the UK for measles dipped to a low point in 2003 to 80% coverage and since then has risen to 91% in 2019.

Explain, using calculations, the causal link between these three statements and briefly discuss whether there is any prospect of the UK regaining its ‘measles-free’ status in the next 5 years.

Question 4

Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal disease endemic in some areas but prone to resurgences in pandemics.

1. What is the primary cause of death in cases of cholera?
2. What is the normal habitat of Vibrio cholerae? (1 mark) Describe one way in which people can become infected (1 mark) and one step that an individual could take to minimise that risk of infection (1 mark)
3. A stockpile of oral cholera vaccine is maintained by the WHO for use in humanitarian crises and outbreaks. From your knowledge of the biology of cholera infection, and referring to aspects of the appropriate immune response, explain why oral vaccines are used.
4. A freak weather event on a large tropical island destroys housing and leads to the local population being rehoused in a cramped refugee camp, where a cholera epidemic soon occurs. Apart from distributing oral cholera vaccine, what additional public health measures should be taken in the refugee camp to limit further infection and/or deaths from cholera?

Question 5

1. Your friend is suffering from a fever and respiratory symptoms. She visits her GP and requests antibiotics. Explain why antibiotics may not be appropriate for her infection.
2. Describe the effects of the overuse of antibiotics on the bacterial population in humans.
3. In order to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections some GPs now use a rapid point-of-care (POC) test for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Explain the role of CRP in the immune response and its relevance to use in this test.
4. In a hospital setting, treatment with antibiotics is a risk factor for infection with Clostridium difficile. Explain why Clostridium difficile is commonly acquired in hospitals.

Question 6

1. The cytokine IFNγ is produced by Th1 cells. Outline three different functions of IFNγ in inflammation and/or the immune response.
2. Name one cytokine that is produced specifically by Th2 cells and state what effect it has on its target cell(s).
3. What advantage is there for the host in having two distinct patterns of immune response, controlled by Th1 and Th2 cells?